| A | B |
|---|
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| proteins | used to build and repair body parts |
| carbohydrates | supplies body with its main source of energy |
| Calorie | the amount of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1Kg of water by 1 degree Celsius |
| fats and oils | supply the body with twice as much energy as equal amounts of proteins and carbohydrates |
| vitamins | help regulate growth and the normal functioning of your bocy |
| minerals | there are 16 essential ones |
| vitamin-deficiency disease | a result of not getting enough of a certain vitamin can cause this |
| fat soluble vitamin | vitamins that a stored in your fat |
| water soluble vitamin | vitamins that are constantly washed out of your body |
| water | where all the chemical reactions in the body take place |
| scurvy | a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C |
| digestion | the process of breaking down food into simple substances |
| ptyalin | breaks starches in your mouth into sugar |
| chemical digestion | digestion of food by enzymes |
| mechanical digestion | the physical action of breaking food into smaller pieces |
| epiglottis | the flap that closes off your windpipe when you swallow |
| esophagus | carries food from your throat to your stomach |
| peristalsis | the wavelike motion that pushes food through your digestive system |
| pepsin | helps break down proteins in your stomach |
| hydrochloric acid | the acid found in your stomach |
| small intestine | where most digestion and absorption take place |
| digestive helpers | the liver and pancreas |
| liver | produces bile |
| gall bladder | stores bile |
| bile | breaks up fat into smaller parts |
| pancreas | organ that produces several important digestive enzymes and insulin |
| fatty acids and glycerol | what fats are eventually broken down into |
| simple sugar molecules | what carbohydrates are broken down into |
| amino acids | what proteins are broken down into |
| villi | tiny fingerlike projections inside the small intestine |
| large intestine | the organ in which most of the water is absorbed |
| appendix | worm-shaped organ near the area where the large and small intestines join |
