| A | B |
|---|
| mineral | a solid compound that occurs naturally in Earth's crust and has a definite chemical composition and structure |
| Earth's crust | where minerals naturally occur |
| All rocks are made of ___ | minerals |
| number of known minerals | 2000+ |
| 20 | Of the 2000+ known minerals, only ____ are common |
| 10 | Only ___ minerals make up more than 90% of Earth's crust. |
| 90 | Only 10 minerals make up more than ___% of Earth's crust. |
| historical uses of minerals | tools, weapons, dyes, jewelry and food preservation |
| modern uses of minerals | building materials, roads, computers, appliances, wiring and clocks |
| quartz | mineral frequently used in clocks |
| silver and gold | examples of minerals that can be used without much processing |
| iron ores | example of minerals that need to be processed/refined before use |
| processed / refined | Iron ores need to be ___ before they can be used. |
| without | Silver and gold can be used with/without much processing. |
| limited / endless | Earth's crust has a ___ supply of minerals. |
| recycle | Because Earth's crust has a limited supply of minerals, it is important to ____ mineral-based materials. |
| aluminum | mineral-based material that can be recycled |
| physical | A mineral's chemical composition and structure determine its ____ properties. |
| chemical composition | A mineral's ____ and structure determine its physical properties. |
| structure | A mineral's chemical composition and ___ determine its physical properties. |
| types of properties of minerals | color, crystal shape, hardness, streak, cleavage and luster |
| crystals | The atoms of minerals are arranged in regular patterns called ____. |
| hardness | measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched |
| Mohs Scale | measures hardness of minerals |
| scratch | When two minerals are rubbed against each other, the harder mineral will leave a visible ___ on the softer mineral. |
| from 1 to 10 | The Mohs Scale of Hardness assigns minerals a number ___. |
| softest | On the Mohs Scale 1 is the hardest/softest. |
| talc | softest mineral |
| hardest | On the Mohs Scale 10 is the hardest/softest. |
| diamond | hardest mineral |
| mineral that can scratch all other minerals but cannot be scratched | diamond |
| streak | colored mark some minerals leave behind on a rough surface |
| some | A streak is a colored mark all/some minerals leave behind on a rough surface. |
| different | A mineral may be one color but leave a streak of a ____ color. |
| cleavage | property of some minerals in which the mineral breaks apart along a flat surface |
| cleave | break apart |
| weakness | Minerals cleave along planes of strength/weakness in the crystal structure. |
| luster | way the surface of a mineral reflects light |
| light | Luster is the way the surface of a mineral reflects ____. |
| types of luster | metallic, pearly, silky, dull |
| metallic | ____, pearly, silky, and dull are types of luster. |
| pearly | Metallic, ___, silky, and dull are types of luster. |
| silky | Dull, metallic, pearly and ___ are types of luster. |
| dull | Silky, pearly, metallic, and ___ are types of luster. |
| physical properties | A mineral can be identified by noting its _____. |
| crystal | Minerals have ___ structures. |
| atoms | In a crystal, the ___ that make up the mineral are arranged in a regular, periodic pattern. |
| periodic | In a crystal, the atoms that make up the mineral are arranged in a regular, ___ pattern. |
| carbon | The minerals graphite and diamond are both made of ______. |
| differently | The carbon atoms of graphite and diamond are arranged the same/differently. |
| graphite | carbon atoms arranged in sheets and have weak bonds between the sheets |
| Mineral in which each carbon atom is bound to four other carbon atoms in a very stable structure. | diamond |
