| A | B |
| perpetual | everlasting |
| insurrection | rebellion |
| border states | states located on the line between the North and South |
| defensive war | a war in which the army stays in its own area and defends that area from attack, rather than advancing into enemy territory |
| blockade runners | people who slipped goods through the blockade |
| ironclad | a new kind of battleship covered in thick iron plates |
| casualties | those people killed or wounded |
| proclamation | official announcement |
| bounties | payments of money to a person for entering the armed services |
| draft | selection of people who would be forced to serve in the military |
| greenbacks | paper money issued by the federal government, and not backed by either silver or gold |
| entrenched | set up a strong position |
| siege | continued attack |
| assassinated | killed by sudden or secret attack |