| A | B |
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| During the mid-1800s and early 1900s, European powers competed against one another around the globe. They sought economic power by acquiring new ______ and they sought political power by expanding their global ______. | markets; empires |
| Nationalism in Europe contributd to the growing tension. The empire in which the most violent nationalist tensions occurred was ________. | Austria-Hungary |
| Thorugh the idea of _____, Slavic nationalists sought to unite themselves into a single empire. | Pan-Slavism |
| One of Serbia's amis in the Balkan Wars was to obtain _____ as an outlet to the sea. | Albania |
| Serb defeat was a huiliation for ______, Serbia's traditional protector. | Russia |
| The glorification of war and the military, or ______, also added to the tension in Europe. | militarism |
| _______ declared that it had to maintain a large navy because it dependedon seagoing trade for vital supplies. | Germany |
| The League of Three Emprerors was a creation of _______, who used it to isolate France. | Otto von Bismarck |
| The ______ included Germany, Austria Hungry, and Italy. | Triple Allaince |
| In 1905 the ______ was signed between France and Great Britain. | Entente Cordiale |
| Russia, France, and Great Britain formed the ______ | Triple Entente |
| ______ wanted to maintain the lifelines of its empire and keep open the sea-lanes it needed for trade. | Great Britain |
| _____ wanted to add mineral-rich Morocco to its gains. | France |
| ______ hoped to gain economic control of the declining Ottoman Empire. | Germany |
| _____ set out t ogain territorial acces through the Balkans to the Aegean Sea. | Austria-Hungary |
| ______ aspired to take control of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles near the Balck Sae and to extedn the influence it already had over Manchuria in East Asia. | Russia |
| Great Britain and France fought over | rival coaims in Egypt and Sudan |
| Germany and France often came close to war over control of | Morocco |
| French nationalists sought revenge against Germany for | taking the provinces of Alsace-Lorraine during the Franco-Prussian War |
| The Russians agreed to let A-H have Bosnia-Herzegovina in exchange for | the right for Russian warships to go through the Dardanelles |
| Ruissia's government was initially an _______ | autocratic monarchy |
| France's government was initially a | democratic republic |
| On June 28, 1914, the Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assasinated during a visit to _____, the capital of _______ | Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina |
| the archduke's assasin was a 19-year-old man named Gavrilo Princip who was part of the secret nationalist group called the ______, or Union of Death. | Black Hand |
| To pursue those responsible for the archduke's murder, Austria-H gave a set of final consitions, or an _______ to Serbia. | ultimatum |
| An outraged Serbia did not meet A-H's ultimatum req'mts, and thus A-H declared | mobilization |
| ______ acted first in support of Serbia. | Russia |
| The Russian ruler, _______, moblized his forces against ____ and ______ | Czar Nicholas II; A-H and Germany |
| Germany declared demanded that France remain _______ if Germany were to enter into a war with Russia | neutral |
| Despite its security alliance, _____ remained divided on the question of going to war. | G.B. |
| G.B. entered the war when Germany invaded the neutral nation of | Belgium |
| The outbreak of war was generally greeted with enthusiasm throughout | Europe |
| Francis Ferdinand wanted to diffuse the movement for | a separate Slavic state |
| a secret nationalist group based in Serbia | Black Hnad, or Union of Death |
| After the assasination, ____ gave A-H to do wiht Serbia as it pleased. | Germany |
| A-H gave _____ an ultimatum, demanding that A-H officials be allowed into the country to ______ and ______ | supress all subversive movements and lead an investigation to the archduke's murder |
| Which 4 countries and empires made up the Central Powers? | Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria |
| Which 5 countries made up the Allied Powers in 1914? | Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium |
| What three circumstances led to the Schlieffen Plan's failure | 1)Commander Helmuth van Motke led his troops through an area of Belgium that proved to be heavily fortified 2) Motke encountered far stronger resistance than anyone had expected; teh Geraman advance was delayed until Aug. 20; 3) The Russian army moblized more quickly than Schlieffen had estimated necessitating the movemen't of two German divisions to the Eastern Front |
| Where did the Russians suffer a defeat from which they never fully recovered? | Tannenberg in present-day Poland |
| What were two ways of protecting the trenches from enemy attack? | land mines and barbed wire |
| Which two battles had littl effect on the progress of the war but produced high casualties on both sides? | Verdun and the Somme |
| What campaign on the east against the Ottoman Empire lead to a big Allied defeat? | Gallipoli Campaign |
| Because of a British blockade, Germany had to depend on which four neutral countries for supplies? | Holland, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
| What three events led to a U.S. entry into the war? | 1) German sinking of 4 American merchant ships 2)publication of Zimmerman telegram; 3)restricted unresumed sub warfare |
| The _____ was a plan drawn up to fight Russia in the East and French in the West | Schlieffen Plan |
| The Battle of Marne was fought between | Germany and France |
| The _____ saved France from the Germans and boosted French Morale | Battle of Marne |
| At the Battle of Ypres, the Germans introduced _____ | poison gas |
| The Battle of _____ was the bloodiest in the war. | Verdun |
| The British introduced the ____ during the Battle of Somme | tank |
| ___was head of the British navy. | Winston Churchill |
| ______ was Czar Nicholas's and his wife's mystic healer. | Grigori Rasputin |
| Petrograd was the Russian name for | St. Petersburg |
| After Czar Nicholas II's abdication, political authority went to a temp. central gov. known as the | provisional governement |
| Members of the Petrograd Soviet were | workers and peasants belonging to different socialist groups-majority were Menishiviks or Social Revoluionaries; minority were Bolsheviks |
| Lenin lead the | radical Bolsheviks |
| Lenin was exiled to ____ in 1895 | Siberia |
| The Bolsheviks laid the foundations for a _____ state | Socialist |
| The Communists were called ______, and their opponents called _____ | Reds; Whites |
| Communitsts imposed a policy called ____, taking direct control of industry and forcing pesasnts to send food to the starving cities | war communism |
| Lenin placed severe restrictions on the | Russin Orthodox Church |
| Towards the latter part of the war, governments carried out the principle of ________ | total war |
| The Austro-Hungarian military collapse led to the revolt of the empire's many nationalities and the end of the ________ | Hapsburg monarchy |
| 5 separate peace treaties workd out by 27 nations in Paris | Peace of Paris |
| Most of the decisions of the Peace of Paris were made by | "The BIg Four"-US, France, G.B., Italy |
| _____- was the most important treaty of the Peace of Paris | Treaty of Versailles |
| ______ spelled out settlements between the Allis and Germ. | T. of Versaille |
| ideology based on Marx and Lenin | communism |
| agreement to end fighting | armistice |
| friendly undrestanding between two nations, but not a full-fledged alliance | entente |
| countries taht served as a buffer against potential threats | cordon sanitaire |
| series of defense agreements made between nations | alliance systems |
| government that is only temporary | provisional |
| prohibited goods | contraband |
| territroy administered by another country | mandate |
| situation where each side treis to wear down the othe rby constant attacks | war of attrition |
| a set of final conditions that must be met | ultimatum |
| vehicles that travel in a group for protection | convoy |
| glorification of war | militarism |
| engaged in war | belligerent |
| payments for damages | reparations |
| calling-up of citizens for compulsory military service | conscription |
| ditch | trench |
| rumors | propoganda |
| preparing military troops and equipment for war | mobilization |
