| A | B |
|---|
| psychology | "the scientific study of behavior and mental processes." |
| empiricism | "the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment." |
| structuralism | "an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind." |
| functionalism | "a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish." |
| humanistic psychology | "historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth." |
| levels of analysis | "the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon." |
| biopsychosocial approach | "an integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis." |
| neuroscience perspective | "How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences. S. Ques: How are messages transmitted within the body? How is blood chemistry linked with moods and motives?" |
| evolutionary perspective | "How is the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one's genes. S.Ques:How does evolution influence behavior tendencies?" |
| behavior genetics perspective | "How much our genes and our enviornment influence out individual differences. S.Ques: To what extent are psychological traits such as intelligence, personality, sexual orientation, and vulnerability to depression attribute to our genes? To our environment?" |
| psychodynamic perspective | "How behavior springs from unconcious drives and conflicts. S. Ques: How can someone's personality traits and disorders be explained in terms of sexual and aggressive drives or as the disguised effects of unfulfilled wishes and childhood traumas?" |
| behavioral perspective | "How we learn observable responses. S.Ques: How do we learn to fear particular objects or situations? What is the most effective way to alter our behavior, say, to lose weight or stop smoking?" |
| cognitive perspective | "How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information. S.Ques: How do we use information in remembering? Resoning? Solving problems?" |
| social-cultural perspective | "How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures. S.Ques: How are we - as Africans, Asians, Australians, or North Americans - alike as members of one human family? As producers of different enviornmental contexts, how do we differ?" |
| basic research | "pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base." |
| applied research | "scientific study that aims to solve practical problems." |
| counseling psychology | "a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater wellbeing." |
| clinical psychology | "a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders." |
| psychiatry | "a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by psyscians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy." |
