| A | B |
|---|
| photosynthesis | conversion of light energy from sun into carbohydrates (process plants use to make food) |
| autotrophs | organisms that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds |
| heterotrophs | organisms that must get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or inorganic substances |
| respiration | opposite of photosynthesis, metabolic process similar to burning fuel |
| pigment | light-absorbing substance |
| chlorophyll | primary pigment involved in photosynthesis |
| carotenoids | pigments that produce yellow and orange fall leaf colors and colors of many fruits, vegetables, and flowers |
| thylakoids | a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis |
| electron transport chains | series of molecules through which excited electrons are passed along a thylakoid membrane |
| NADPH | electron carrier that provides the high-energy electrons needed to make carbon-hydrogen bonds in 3rd stage of photosynthesis |
| carbon dioxide fixation | transfer of carbon dioxide to organic compounds |
| calvin cycle | series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar |
| aerboic | metabolic process that requires oxygen |
| anaerobic | metabolic process that does not require oxygen |
| NADH | electron carrier for NAD+ |
| kreb's cycle | acetyl-coa enters a series of enzyme-assisted reactions called this |
| FADH 2 | another electron carrier |
| fermentation | recycling of NAD+ using an organic hydrogen acceptor |
| stomata | tiny openings in leaves that absorb carbon dioxide |
| xylem | tubes in plants that transport water from the roots |
| phototroph | a species that uses photosynthesis to make food |
| chlorophyll | a green jelly-like substance used to convert the essential elements of photosynthesis into energy |
| oxygen and glucose | what does photosynthesis provide humans |
| carbon dioxide and water molecules | respiration yields |
| mitochondria | respiration occurs in the ___ of an animal cell |
| lactic acid and alcohol | 2 types of fermentation are |
| glucose and oxygen molecules | photosynthesis yields |
| lactate | what does lactic acid use |
| ethanol | what does alcohol use |
| water, carbon dioxide, light, chlorophyll | what is essential for photosynthesis |
| kreb's cycle | most ATP made in cellular respiration is produced by blank when oxygen is present |
| 6 | how many carbons are needed for glucose |
| lack of oxygen to make glucose | what causes muscle fatigue |
| oxygen | cells require what to carry out cellular respiration |
| photosynthesis and respiration | which 2 processes keeps the CO2 concentration stable |
| carbon dioxide | plants depend on animals for the continuous supply of what |
| photosynthesis | which process removes carbon dioxide from atmosphere |
| respiration | which process adds carbon dioxide to atmosphere |
| plant carbohydrates | which organic compound does photosynthesis convert the carbon of CO2 |
| respiration | after plants are eaten by animals, what process changes the carbon in these organic compounds back to CO2 |
| light energy into chemical energy | photosynthesis converts what into what |
| oxygen | byproduct of photosynthesis |
| to obtain water | why do leaves need stomata |
| food produced | what diffuses out of the chloroplast |
| what diffuses into the chloroplast | gas |
| yes | is light energy necessary for photosynthesis |
| reflected | we see colors reflected/absorbed |
| ROYGBIV | white light is made up of |
| in: H2O, ADP, NADP+ out: O2, ATP, NADPH | light reactions |
| in:CO2, ATP, NADPH out: CH2O, ADP, NADP+ | dark reactions |
| oxygen- aerobic | kreb's cycle oxygen or no oxygen |
| fermentation | allows glycolysis to keep producing w/o oxygen |
| 2 | fermentation creates ?ATP |
| 36 | Kreb's Cycle creates ?ATP |
