| A | B |
|---|
| articulations | joints |
| functions of the skeletal system | protection, movement, storage, hemopoiesis |
| Types of bones | long, short, flat, irregular |
| diaphysis | the shaft; a hollow tube made of compact bone |
| medullary cavity | the hollow area inside the diaphysis. contains yellow bone marrow |
| epiphyses | the ends of the bone. red bone marrow fill in the small spaces of spongy bone. |
| articulation cartilage | a thin layer of cartilage covering the epiphyses. acts like a cushion |
| periosteum | a strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone. |
| endosteum | a fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity. |
| compact bone | bone that is hard or dense. |
| spongy bone | porous end of long bone. |
| trabeculae | needlelike threads of spongy bone that surround a network of spaces. |
| osteons | the structural units of compact bone. |
| concentric lamella | calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers resembling the rings of an onion |
| osteocytes | bone cells |
| lacunae | little spaces between the hard layers of the lamellae |
| canaliculi | little passageways or canals. |
| cartilage | made up of more intercellular substance than cells. has the flexibility of firm plastic. |
| chondrocytes | cartilage cells |
| osteoblasts | bone forming cells |
| osteoclasts | bone resorbing cells |
| endochondral ossification | formed in cartilage |
| epiphysial plate | the cartilage plate that is between the epiphysis and the diaphysis and allows growth to occur. |
| axial skeleton | bones of the center or axis of the body. |
| appendicular skeleton | bones that make up the extemeties or appendages. |
| sinuses | spaces or cavities inside some fo the cranial bones. |
| paranasal sinuses | the sinuses that have openings to the nose. |
| sutures | the immovable joints of the skull |
| fontanels | areas where ossification is incomplete at birth. |
| vertebrae | the bones that make up the spine |
| cervical | the upper seven vertebrae. |
| thoracic vertebrae | the next 12 vertebrae; the ribs attach to these |
| lumbar vertebrae | the next 5; are in the small of the back |
| sacrum | in a child, 5 separate; in adult, fused into one. |
| coccyx | in child, 3-5 separate, in adult, fused into one. |
| sternum | breastbone |
| thorax | chest |
| scapula | shoulder blade |
| clavicle | collar bone |
| humerus | long bone of the upper arm |
| bones of the forearm | radius and the ulna |
| olecranon process | the large bony process of the ulna that fits into the humerus |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| metacarpals | bones of the hand |
| phalanges | bones of the fingers and the toes |
| coxal bones | ilium, ishium and pubis |
| femur | the thigh bone |
| acetabulum | the cup shaped socket of the coxal bone that the femur rotates in. |
| patella | the knee cap |
| tibia | the shinbone |
| fibula | the outer or lateral bone of the lower leg. |
| tarsals | bones of the ankle |
| metatarsals | bones of the foot |
| calcaneus | the largest tarsal bone, or the heel bone |
| synarthroses | joint in which no movement occurs |
| amphiartroses | slight movement occurs at these joints |
| diarthroses | freely moveable joints. |
| palpable bony landmarks | bones that can be touched and identified through the skin |
| ligaments | strong fibrous connective tissue that holds bones together. |
| hemopoiesis | the blood cell formation that takes place in red bone marrow. |
