| A | B |
| First Wave Reform | improve acamedics by reinforcing traditional Eurocentric curriculum |
| A Nation at Risk | called for total reform of schools in U.S. |
| Core Curriculum | focus on English, mathematics, science, and social studies |
| Allan Bloom | author of The Closing of the American Mind |
| Great books curriculum | proposed by Allan Bloom to be used in colleges |
| E.D. Hirsch, Jr. | fears that schools do not teach students how to survive |
| Arthur S. Schlesinger, Jr. | strongly believes our Euro-centered heritage is threatened |
| Action for Excellence | urges state legislatures to get involved in schools |