| A | B |
|---|
| Volcano (def) | Vent in the Earth's surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up |
| 3 Causes of a Volcano | Heat & pressure cause rock to melt deep within the Earth, magma is formed, magma is less dense than rock around it & rises |
| Vent (def) | Opening in Earth's surface that molten rock comes out of |
| Crater (def) | Steep walled depression around a volcano's vent |
| Hot Spots (def) | Areas where magma from deep in Earth's mantle has melted through the crust to form several volcanoes |
| Ex. of Islands formed by a hot spot | Hawaiian Islands |
| Oldest Volcano in Hawaii | Kauai |
| Youngest Volcano (underwater) in Hawaii | Lo'ihi |
| Blacksmith of the Roman gods | Vulcan |
| Viscosity (def) | A fluid's resistance to flow |
| 3 most abundent gases released by a volcano | Water vapor, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur gases |
| Felsic Synonym | Granitic |
| Mafic Synonym | Basaltic |
| 7 Characteristics of Felsic Lava Eruptions | High in Silica, Thick, Slow moving, Light in color, Explosive eruptions, Dissolved gases can't escape easily, Associated with steep sided cones & subduction boundaries |
| 6 Chacteristices of Mafic Lava Eruptions | Low in Silica, Thin, Faster moving, Darker in color, associated with sheild volcanoes, Less explosive eruptions |
| Tephra (def) | volcanic material of various sizes, from ash to large bombs |
| Ex. of Tephra | Ash, Lapilli, blocks, bombs, reticulite, Pele’s hair |
| Cinder Cones (def) | short, steep slopes, like an upside down ice cream cone explosive eruptions of pumice, ash, & tephra |
| 2 Ex. of Cinder Cones | Paricutin & Krakatoa |
| Plates involved in subduction to form Krakatoa | Eurasian & Indian |
| Loudest volcanic explosion | Krakatoa |
| Location of Krakatoa | Indonesia |
| Location of Paricutin | Mexico |
| First recorded birth of a volcano witnessed by man | Paricutin |
| Shield volcano (def) | quiet eruptions of basaltic lava, wide & somewhat flat, like an overturned Viking sheild, formed by successive flows of runny lava, usually over a long period of time |
| 2 Ex. of Shield Cones | Mauna Loa, Kilauea |
| Stratovolcano Synonym | Composite Cone |
| Stratovolcano (def) | Look like "regular" non-volcanic mountains from a distance; eruptions can vary between quiet & violent; eruption of ash & gases leave a tephra layer; eruptions of lava can alternate with tephra layers |
| 3 Ex. of Stratovolcanoes | Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Pinatubo, Mt. Vesuvius |
| Type of boundary where most stratovolcanoes are located | Subduction boundary |
| Plates involved in the formation of Mt. Pinatubo | Philippine plate & the Pacific plate |
| Location of Mt. Pinatubo | Philippines |
| Location of Mt. Vesuvius | Italy |
| Location of Mt. St. Helens | Washington State, USA |
| Date Mt. St. Helens Last Erupted | May 18th, 1980 |
| Plates associated with Mt. St. Helens | Juan de Fuca plate & the North American Plate |
| Plates associated with the formation of Mt. Vesuvius | African & Eurasian plates |
| Rift Eruptions (def) | Occur where two plates diverge |
| Ex. of a rift eruption | Eldfell |
| Location of Eldfell | Iceland on the Mid Atlantic Ridge |
| Caldera (def) | Formed when the top of a volcano collapses into the partially emptied magma chamber, producing a large opening |
| Ex. of a caldera | Crater Lake in Oregon |
| Plutons (def) | Igneous rock intrusion that cools inside other rock |
| 5 Ex. of Plutons | Sill, Dike, Laccolith, Batholith, Volcanic neck |
| Sill (def) | Horizontal intrusion that forms when magma squeezes into horizontal cracks |
| Batholith (def) | Largest igneous intrusion, forms when magma cools underground before reaching the surface |
| Laccolith (def) | Domed sill that has pushed up the rock above it |
| Volcanic neck (def) | The hard solid vent of a volcano left behind after the cone erodes |
| Dikes (def) | Vertical intrusion that cuts across layers, rock types don't match |
| NJ/NY ex. of a sill | The Pallisades on the Hudson River |
| Ex. of a laccolith | Stone Mt. Georgia |
| 2 Ex. of Volcanic necks | Ship Rock & Devil's Tower |
| Olympus Mons (def) | Largest volcano in the solar system, found on Mars |
| Io (def) | Volcanic moon of Jupiter |
| Most abundant gas emitted by a volcano | Water vapor |
