| A | B |
|---|
| definition of ethics | study of right and wrong |
| why study ethics | to make good choice and to appreciate personal responsiblity |
| Normative ethics | different theories or proposals for living rightly - a skeleton/structure |
| applied ethics | various specific ethical scenarios |
| Kohlberg Stage 1 | punishment and obedience |
| Kohlberg Stage 2 | personal reward |
| Kohlberg Stage 3 | good boy/girl |
| absolutism | i'm right; you're wrong |
| relativism | something are ok depending on the situation; when in Rome... |
| morality | making good choices |
| Examples of normative ethical theories | moral relativism, absolutism, egoism, utilitarianism, pluralism |
| weakness of absolutism | people don't agree; doesn't allow for discussion |
| strength of relativism | tolerance |
| weakness of relativism | some things are intolerable |
| egoism | make choices soley on what is best for oneself |
| individula ethical egoism | only concerned with self and every else should also focus on me too |
| universal ethical egoism | every man for himself |
| personal ethical egoism | only concerned with self |
| hedonistic egoism | act in way to promote pleasure |
| rational egoism | long term self interest |
| utilitarianism | help the majority |
| utilitarian decision process | How many people effected positively/negatively? How intensely will they be effected? How long will it last? What effects with the effects lead to? |
| moral pluralism | more than one answer; discuss to decide which is best; conversation and tolerance, but no clear cut answer =wishy washy |
| Kant's theory | duty, never lie, respect |
| people as means | using someone to achieve a goal |
| consequentialist belief | a morally right action is an action that produces good consequences |
| consequentialist theory | utilitarianism |
| intentionist | Kant |
| Kohlberg stages are sequential | must grow through one before continuing to another |
| Gilligan's stage 1 | caring about self; self centered thinking |
| Gilligan's stage 2 | other center thinking; caring about others |
| Gilligan's stage 3 | balanced thinking; thinking about others and self |
| who did Gilligan study? | women |
| Kohlberg stage 4 | law and order |
| Kohlberg stage 5 | social contract (if law is unjust, change it) |
| Kohlberg stage 6 | universal ethical principle (sacrifice for others) |
| kohlberg stages are universal | everyone goes through them |
| Kohlberg stages are irreversible | can only progress, not regress |
