| A | B |
|---|
| astronomy | the study of space |
| planet | means wanderer |
| Ptolemy | taught that the sun,stars, and planets moved around the earth-560 B.C. |
| Copernicus | developed sun-centered model of solar system-1500's |
| observatories | buildings that house large telescopes |
| radio telescope | "listens" to outer space |
| advantage of radio telescope | can be used even when clouds, dust, or air pollution are present |
| rockets | used to launch objects into space |
| combustion chamber | where fuel is burned, is an enclosed chamber with an opening at the bottom |
| satellite | an object that travels in an orgit around another object in space |
| Sputnik I | the first satellite, launched in 1957 by the Soviet Union |
| Explorer I | the firs U.S. satellite, launched in 1958 |
| uses of satellites | weather, communication,TV, study pollution, find minerals, estimate harvests |
| space probes | spacecraft that are sent out to gather data on the moon and the planets |
| Yuri Gagarin | a Soviet who was the first person in space |
| Alan Shepard | first American in space, 1961 |
| John Glenn | the first American to orbit the earth, 1962 |
| Project Apollo | space program with the goal of sending astronauts to the surface of the moon |
| space shuttle | the first reusable space vehicle; flights began in 1981 |
| future possibilities | space stations, space colonies, mining, solar plants, space hospitals |
| spin-offs: definition | materials developed for space now used on Earth |
| spin-offs: examples | emergency blankets, fabric roofs, fire-fighting outfits, miniature circuits, powdered and freeze-dried foods, freezer to oven dishes, water purifier, hang gliders, paramedic medical unit |
| revolve | to move in an orbit around the sun |
| rotate | to spin on an axis |
| one revolution | one planetary year |
| one rotation | one planetary day |
| order of the planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto |
| lunar eclipse | the Earth's shadow blocks the moon |
| solar eclipse | the moon blocks the sun and casts a shadow on the earth |
| meteor-made of | metal or stone |
| meteor-other name | shooting star |
| asteroid-made of | rock, metal, or ice |
| ateroid-orbit | orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter |
| Ceres | largest asteroid, approx. 600 mi. |
| comet- made of | frozen water, gases, and dust |
| space race | grew out of the Cold War between US and Soviet Union after WWII |
| US communication | military space programs were secret, but civilian space activities were openly publicized |
| Soviet communication | all space programs were military, only the successes were publicized |
| Sputnik | first satellite, from USSR, 1957 |
| Gagarin | first person in space, from Russia |
| John Glenn | first person to orbit the earth, 1962 |
| Apollo 11 | US mission that landed on the moon in 1969 |
| Mariner 9 | the first of NASA's Mars orbiters, paved the ay for the Viking program |
| Viking missions | pictures of Mars' surface, tested atmosphere and surface, and searched for evidence of life |
| Skylab purpose | 1.to prove thathumans could stay in space for an extended period 2. t expand our knowledge of solar astronomy |
| Skylab's fate | returned to Earth after 171 days, intentionally crashed over the Indian Ocean |
| Apollo Soyuz | first international manned spaceflight |
| space shuttle | takes off like a rocket, flies like a spaceship, lands like an airplane |
| Mir | Russian space station, was launched in 1986, orbited for over 15 years |
| International Space Station | now being built by 16 nations, will be an orbiting research facility |
| sun: made of | 90% hydrogen, 10% helium |
| sun: source of energy | nuclear fusion |
| corona | the hot, outer atmosphere of the sun |
| solar flare | an eruption on the surface of the sun |
| sunspot | a dark region in the sun's atmosphere |
| sun: distance from earth | 93 million miles |
| sunlight: time to reach earth | 8 minutes |
