| A | B |
|---|
| General Animal Characteristics | eukaryotic, multicellular; organisms that have ways of moving that help them reproduce, obtain food and protect themselves |
| cells | basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| tissue | a group of specialized cells |
| organs | a group of tissues that have an organized function |
| organ systems | many organs that carry out a function |
| heterotrophic | organism that must consume food to obtain energy |
| directly use autotrophs for food | a cow eating grass |
| indirectly use autotrophs for food | a human eating chicken |
| sessile | doesn't move from place to place |
| filter feeding | method in which food particles are collected form water as it passes by or through some part of the organism. |
| digestion can take place... | inside individual cells or in an internal cavity or space |
| digestive tract | an internal cavity or space in an animal where digestion takes place |
| Planaria digestive system | mouth-> pharynx-> gastrovascular cavity |
| Earthworm digestive system | mouth-> pharynx-> esophagus-> crop-> gizzard-> intestine-> anus |
| mouth | structure through which food enters |
| pharynx | muscular feeding structure used to suck in food |
| esophagus | passageway for food; from pharynx to crop |
| crop | stores food temporarily |
| gizzard | chops food into small pieces |
| intestine | digested food is absorb into the body through this structure |
| anus | undigested waste exit through this structure |
| nerve cells | cells that transmit information |
| blood cells | cells that transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body of the organism |
| eyespot | cells or structures that detect the presence of light; found in planaria and euglena |
| sensory lobes | cells or structures used by planaria to detect chemicals in the water |
| Earthworm circulatory system | 5 hearts or aortic arches, ring vessels, dorsal blood vessels and ventral blood vessels |
| Earthworm nervous system | brain, ventral nerve cord and sensory cells |
| fertilization | the process that occurs when sperm and egg unite |
| zygote | a fertilized egg; or the first cell of an organism |
| blastula | a ball of cells formed in early animal development |
| gastrulation | the process in which the blastula begins to fold inward producing the digestive tract |
| early animal development | zygote-> cell division-> blastula-> gastulation-> formation of mesoderm |
| larvae | an early stage in animal development that looks nothing like the adult |
| juvenile | early stage in animal development that looks like a smaller version of the adult |
| endoderm | the cells that line the digestive tract |
| mesoderm | the cells between endoderm and ectoderm; completely lines the body cavity in coelomates |
| ectoderm | the cells found on the outside of an organisms body plan |
| symmetry | balance in proportions of an object or organism; sameness |
| asymmetry | an organism with no symmetry; parts can not be divided into equal pieces |
| radial symmetry | an animal body plan which can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into roughly equal pieces |
| bilateral symmetry | an animal body plan which can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves that form mirror images of one another |
| anterior | head end, often has sensory organs, of a bilaterally symmetrical organism |
| posterior | the tail end of a bilaterally symmetrical organism |
| dorsal | the back surface of a bilaterally symmetrical organism |
| ventral | the belly surface of a bilaterally symmetrical organism |
| acoelomate | an organism without a body cavity |
| pseudocoelomate | an organism whose fluid-filled body cavity is partially lined with mesoderm |
| coelomate | an organism whose fluid-filled cavity is completely lined with mesoderm |
| exoskeleton | a hard, waxy covering on the outside of the body that provides a framework for support |
| endoskeleton | an internal skeleton that provides support inside the animal's body |
| molting | the shedding of the exoskeleton |
| invertebrate | animala that do not have a back bone |
| vertebrate | an organisn that has a back bone; they also have bilateral symmetry and endoskeletons |
| endoskeleton can be composed of.. | calcium carbonate, cartilage, or bone |
| Earthworm diagram | what I must know for the test |
