| A | B |
|---|
| Mars | Roman god of war |
| Romulus | founder of Rome |
| Apennies | mountain range east of Rome |
| Alps | mountain range north of Rome |
| Latins, Greeks, Etrucsans | shaped Roman culture |
| taking the auspices | watching the birds in flight |
| taking the auspices | meaning a good sign |
| Jupiter | Roman god of all gods |
| Juno | wife of Jupiter - Roman god of the family |
| Forum | a meeting place |
| republic | a type of government that is governed by 2 Counsuls, Senate, and Assembly |
| pater familias | head of the household - eldest male |
| patrician | upper class Roman citizen |
| plebeian | commoner - middle class |
| legion | name for the Roman army |
| twelve tables | a Roman law code hung in the Forum |
| consul | elected to govern Rome - 1 year term - rule once every 10 years |
| Phyrric Victory | a victory won at too high of a cost |
| Punic Wars | fought between Rome and Carthage |
| Punic Wars | Rome defeated Carthage |
| Punic Wars | 3 battles |
| mercenary | someone from another country who is paid to fight |
| latifundia | huge estate made by poor farmers selling their land to wealthy people |
| proletariat | urban, landless poor - farmers who lost their land |
| gladiator | someone who fights for entertainment - usually to the death |
| tribune | someone who speaks for teh commoners or the plebeians |
| triumvirate | 3 people ruling |
| Colosseum | marvelous Roman arena where games are held |
| Pax Romana | time period of peace and prosperity |
| aqueducts | a way of transporting water from one place to another |
| civil service | giving a salary to workers |
| Julian Emperors | decendents of Julius Caesar who become emperors |
| Good Emperors | solved the problem of succession |
| Good Emperors | adoptive rulers |
| Greco-Roman | the blending of Greek and Roman culture |
| Epicureanism | type of philosophy - free the body from pain and free the mind from fear |
| Epicureanism | philosophy that states you should avoid all excesses |
| Stoicism | philosophy that says power should be reasonable and just - universe is controlled by a superhuman power |
| satire | mocking society |
| Silver Age Literature | people wrote with criticism and satire |
| Pantheon | a famous Roman structure with a dome |
| parables | stories that contain a moral lesson |
| martyr | people who sacrificed their lives for the cause |
| Petrine Doctrine | told of Peter being the 1st Pope |
| Byzantium | capital of the Roman empire under Constantine |
| inflation | rising prices |
| Christianity | religion based on the teachings of Jesus |
| Tiber | river that Rome is built on |
| Constantinople | Constantine renamed Byzantium as the new capital afte him |
| Venus | Roman goddess of love and beauty |
| Spartacus | leader of a slave uprising - he was later crucified |
| Julius Caesar | Julian emperors were descended from him |
| Julius Caesar | most lasting reform was the calendar |
| Julius Caesar | ruled in the 1st triumvirate |
| Julius Caesar | was assassinated by Brutus and his own senate |
| Attila | leader of a Germanic tribe called the Huns - he invaded the Roman empire |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian general who invadd Italy in the 2nd Punic War - he was defeated by Scipio |
| Virgil | poet who wrote the Aeneid - themes were about patriotism |
| Octavian | became Augustus |
| Pope Leo I | persuaded the leader of the Huns to retreat instead of attacking Rome |
| Paul | spread the word of Jesus and Christianity - Jewish name was Saul |
| Augustus | 1st emperor in the Pax Romana |
| Augustus | name means exalted one |
| Zeno | developed the philosophy of Stoicism |
| Constantine | emperor who spread Christianity throughout the Roman empire |
| Constantine | named Byzantium as the new capital - later it became Constantinople |
| zealots | Jewish revolutionaries - tried to overthrow Roman rule |
| Crassus | ruled with Pompey and Caesar in the 1st triumvirate |
| Pompey | ruled with Caesar and Crassus in the 1st triumvirate |
| Brutus | killed Julius Caesar |
| Mark Antony | married Cleopatra - ruled in the 2nd triumvirate |
| Octavian | ruled in the 2nd triumvirate with Antony and Lepidus |
| Cleopatra | Queen of Egypt - married Antony and came between Octavian and Antony |
| Senate | a group of aristocratic men (patricians) who advised the counsuls when Rome was a Republic |
| Jesus | God's son - sentenced to crucifixtion by Pilate |
| Jesus | Messiah |
| Livy | wrote the history of Rome - themes were about Patriotism |
| Nero | emperor - killed Christians - sang while Rome burned |
| Marcus Aurelius | last emperor of the Pax Romana |
| Diocletian | split the Roman empire into 2 areas - Greek speaking and Latin speaking, east and west |
| Constantine | 1st Christian Emperor |
