| A | B |
|---|
| asexual reproduction | A type of reproduction where the offspring inherits all the genetic material from just one parent. |
| sexual reproduction | A type of reproduction where the offspring receives a combination of the genetic material from two parents. |
| cell plate | a disk containing cell wall material that forms inside a plant cell and grows outward. |
| chromosome | condensed chromatin fiber that become visible during cell division. |
| sister chromatid | On of a pair of identical chromosomes created before a cell divides. |
| centromere | The region of a chromosome where the chromatids are joined together. |
| cell cycle | An orderly sequence of events that starts at the birth of a cell and continues until the cell reproduces itself. |
| interphase | the stage of the cell cycle where the cell carries out metabolic activities. |
| mitotic phase (M phase) | a stage of the cell cycle where the cell divides. |
| mitosis | Where the nucleus and the duplicated chromosomes divide and are evenly distributed to form two daughter nuclei. |
| cytokinesis | the process by which the cytoplasm is divided in two. |
| centriole | an organelle which aids in cell division. |
| spindle (spindle fibers) | microtubules that grow from centrosomes and attach to chromosomes during cell division. |
| centrosome | cytoplasmic material that contain centrioles. |
| nucleus | the control center of a eukarotic cell. |
| DNA | genetic material |
| histones | protein molecules that bind to DNA to make chromsomes. |
| begnign tumor | An abnormal mass of essentially normal cells. |
| malignant tumor | An abnormal mass of cells produced by cancer cells. |
| cancer | a disease caused by the controllable cell division. |
| metastasis | the spread of cancer cells. |
| chemotherapy | the treating of cancer patients with drugs that disrupt cell division. |
| radiation therapy | the treatment of a cancer patient by exposing them to high-energy radiation to disrupt cell division. |
| nuclear envelope | an organelle that allows genetic material out of the nucleus. |
| Gap 1 (G1 phase) | The first part of interphase where the cell carries out metabolic activities. |
| Gap 2 (G2 phase) | The third part of interphase where the cell prepares to divide. |
| Synthesis phase (S phase) | The second part of interphase where the cell duplicates the genetic material. |
| Prophase | First part of the mitotic phase where the nuclear envelope starts to disappear and the centrioles start to migrate towards the opposite poles of the cells. |
| Metaphase | The second part of the mitotic phase where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. |
| Anaphase | The third part of the mitotic phase where the spindle fibers start to pull apart the chromosomes towards the opposite poles stretching out the cell.. |
| Telophase | The fourth (and final) part of the mitotic phase where the cell divides into two daughter cells. |
| Microtubules | Protein structures that are distributed throughout the cytoplasm that are used for cell transport and produce spindles. |
| chromatin | a combination of DNA and protein molecules (histones) |
| metabolic | chemical pathways in the cell. |
