| A | B |
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| genetic engineering | the process of isolating a gene from one organism and transferring it into another organism's DNA |
| restriction enzyme | a type of bacterial enzyme which cleaves DNA at specific sequences of nucleotides |
| gel electrophoresis | A research technique used to separate molecules (or fragments of a molecule) according to size; typically done to separate DNA fragments after the DNA has been cut with restriction enzymes |
| recombinant DNA | novel DNA sequence formed by the joining of two non-homologous DNA molecules |
| polymerase chain reaction | A powerful method for amplifying specific DNA segments which exploits certain features of DNA replication |
| selective breeding | Selecting qualities within individuals of the breed that will be best to pass on to the next generation |
| inbreeding | the mating of related individuals |
| hybridization | The combination of two or more different things, aimed at achieving a particular objective or goal |
| plasmid | circular DNA molecules, usually found in bacteria, that can replicate independently for the main chromosome |
| genetic marker | a known DNA sequence; can be used to study the relationship between an inherited disease and its genetic cause |
| transgenic | Carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome |
| clone | An exact replica of all or part of a macromolecule |
