| A | B |
|---|
| Civil Disobedience | Peacefully refusing to obey laws one considers unjust. |
| Corrupt Bargain | Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, was made Secretary of State after he helped John Quincy Adams win the presidency in the House of Representatives. |
| Depression | Severe economic slump. |
| Doctrine of Nullification | Right of a state to reject a federal law that it considers unconstitutional. |
| Election of 1824 | Regional differences led to a fierce battle for the presidency. Andrew Jackson won the popular vote, but not the electoral college vote. Instead, John Quincy Adams was elected in the House of Representatives. Republican-Democratic Party split. |
| Election of 1828 | Andrew Jackson's election to the presidency in 1828 brought a new era of popular democracy. |
| Emigrant | Person who leaves a country. |
| Famine | Severe food shortage. |
| Gold Rush | Large numbers of people moving to a site where gold has been found. |
| Horace Mann | Set up the first State Board of Education in Massachusetts in 1837. Called public education the great equalizer. |
| Immigrant | Person who settles in a new country. |
| Indian Removal Act | 1830 act that called for the government to negotiate treaties that would require Native Americans to relocate west. |
| Inflation | Increase in the price of goods and services and a decrease in the value of money. |
| Jacksonian Democracy | Idea of spreading political power to all the people, thereby ensuring majority rule. |
| Panic of 1837 | Financial crisis in which banks closed and the credit system collapsed. |
| Pet Banks | Jackson selected some banks to receive surplus government funds in 1833 implying the banks were controlled by Jackson. |
| Secession | Withdrawal. |
| Second Great Awakening | Renewal of religious faith in the 1790's and early 1800's. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | Women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. |
| Spoils System | Practice of winning candidates giving government jobs to political backers or supporters. |
| Suffrage | Right to vote. |
| Tariff of Abominations | 1828 law that raised the tariffs on raw materials and manufactured goods; it upset Southerners who felt that economic interests of the Northeast were determining national economic policy. |
| Temperance | Campaign to stop the drinking of alcohol. |
| Trail of Tears | Tragic journey of the Cherokee people from their homeland to Indian Territory between 1838 and 1839; thousands of Cherokee died. |
| Transcendentalism | 19th century philosophy that taught the spiritual world is more important than the physical world and that peoplce can find truth within themselves through feeling and intuition. |
| Whigs | Political party organized in 1834 to oppose the policies of Andrew Jackson. |
