| A | B |
|---|
| Alleles | different forms of a single gene |
| dominant trait | the trait observed when at least one dominant allele for a characteristic is inherited |
| genes | segments of DNA that carry hereditary instructions and are passed from parent to offspring |
| genotype | the inherited combination of alleles |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| meiosis | division that produces sex cells |
| phenotype | an organism’s inherited appearance |
| probability | the mathematical chance that an event will occur |
| Punnett square | a tool used to visualize all the possible combinations of alleles |
| recessive trait | a trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited |
| self-pollinating plant | a plant that contains both male and female reproductive structures |
| sex cell | an egg or sperm; a sex cell carries half the number of chromosomes |
| sex chromosomes | the chromosomes that carry genes that determine the sex of offspring |
| true-breeding plant | a plant that always produces offspring with the same traits as the parent(s) |
