| A | B |
|---|
| Crust | The outermost layer of the earth. Ranging from 50 to 100 km thick. It is also the thinnest layer of the earth. |
| Mantle | Lies between the crust and the core. It is 2900km thick and makes up 67% of the earths mass. |
| Core | From the bottom of the mantle to the center of the earth. It is 6856km in diameter. mostly made of itron. |
| Core Composition | Mostly Iron and some small amounts of nickel, sulfur and oxygen. |
| Lithosphere | The outermost rigid layer of the earth. AKA "rock sphere". Made up of the crust and upper part of the mantle and is divided into pieces called tectonic plates |
| Asthenosphere | The "weak sphere" - is the soft layer of the mantle where pieces of the lithosphere move. It is made of solid rock that flows like putty. |
| Mesosphere | Beneath the asthenosphere, the strong lower part of the mantle is the "middle sphere". Extends to the core. |
| Outer Core | The liquid layer of the core. |
| Inner Core | The solid, dense center of our planet. |
| Tectonic Plate | Pieces of the lithosphere that move around on top of the asthenosphere. All the plates fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. |
| Seismic Waves | Vibrations that travel through the earth. They travel at different speeds depending on the density and thickness of the material they are traveling through. |
| Seismographs | Measure the difference in the arrival times of seismic and record them. |
| Stress | The Amount of force per unit area that is put on a given material. |
| Compression | When an object is squeezed as when two tectonic plates collide. |
| Tension | The stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object. |
| Folding | Occurs when rock layers bend due to stress in the earths crust. |
| Fault | When, due to stress, rocks break and slide past each other. |
| Normal Fault | Causing hanging wall to move down relative to the foot wall. Is the result of tension - when two plates move apart from each other. |
| Reverse Fault | When the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall ,the result of compression, when two plates push against each other. |
| Strike Slip Faults | Occur when opposing forces cause rock to break - move horizontally - and slide past each other. |
| Continental Crust | Similar to granite - about 30km thick - below where the continients are |
| Oceanic Crust | Similar to Basalt - 5km to 8km thick - below where the oceans are |
| Seismic Waves | Vibrations that travel through the earth - density of material changes the speeds they travel. |
| Continental Drift | Theory that contininets drift apart from one another and have done so in the past. |
| Sea-floor spreading | Where new material enters eaths lithosphere at mid-ocean ridges - pushes the plates. |
| Why are fossils os same species found on different continents? | Due to Continental drift - when pangea (all continents) were together- then broke apart |
| Pangea | Greek for "All one earth" - when all continents were joined 245 million years ago. |
| Plate Tectonics | the theory that the earth lithosphere is divided into rectonic plates that move around on the aesthenosphere |
| Convergent Boundry | When 2 tectonic plates push into one another, the boundry where they meet is called a convergent boundry |
| Subduction Zone | The region where the oceanic plate sinks down into aesthenosphere at a convergent boundry - usually at oceanic and convergent plates. |
| Divergent Boundry | Where 2 tectonic plates move away from one another - the boundry between them is called divergent. |
| Transform Boundry | Where 2 tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally - the boundry between them is a transform boundry |
| 3 types of mountains | Folded - Fault Block or Volcanic - depends on how fomred |
| What are the 3 composition layers ofd the earth? | Crust - Mantle - Core |
| What are the 5 structure layers of the earth? | Lithosphere - Asthenosphere - Meosphere - Outer Core - Inner Core |
| What is the Mantle made of? | Iron and Magnesiusm |
| What is the Core made of? | Iron and Nickel |
| What 3 structure layers are contained in the Mantle? | Lithosphere - Asthenosphere - Mesosphere |
| This layer is Rigid and is 15 to 300km thick | The Crust |
| This layer is solid rock that flows and is 2900km thick | The mantle |
| This is the liquid layer in the core | The Outer Core |
| This is the Solid layer in the core | The inner core |
| What is thicker, inner core or outer core? | Outer core - 2200km vs. 1220km for inner core. |
| oceanic Crust is made up of | Basalt |
| Which came first the mantle or the core? | Core first than the mantle grew |
| Continental Crust | Granite |
| mantle | Iron and Magnesium |
| Core | Iron |
| Tectonic Plates are part of the | Lithosphere |
| What was it called when all the plates were one? | Pangea |
| What did Pangea split into? | Laurasia & Gondwana |
| Laurasia became.. | North America and Eurasia |
| Gondwana became
| Africa - South America - India - Antartica |
| Some of the newest crust forms along
| Mid Oceans Ridge |
| When Molton Rock cools, the magnetic mineral do what? | They align to the earths magnetic field |
| When Oceaninc plates slide down slope of lithosphere-asthenosphere boundry, this is called | Ridge Push |
| When gravity pulls tectonic plates into asthensophere, it s called | Slab Pull |
| What 3 things can occur at tectonic plate boundires | Divergent, Convergent & transform |
| Ridge Push | When oceanic lithosphere is higher than where it sinks below continetal lithosphere so it slides down the boundry. |
| Slab Pull | Oceaninc lithosphere is denser than asthenosphere so it sinks - pulling the tectonic plates |
| Convection | When hot material rises, and cool sinks, this causes the mantle to circulate, driving tectonic plates sideways. |
| When 2 block slide past eachother, but neither moves up or down its called | Strike Slip Faulting |
| When Hanging wall moves up and foot wall moves down its called.. | Reverse Fault |
| When foot wall moves up and hanging wall moves down it is called | Normal Fault |
| Monocline | both ends of fold still horizontal after folding |
| Fault Block Mountains | Formed by divergent plates, causing faulting, creating mountains. |
