| A | B |
|---|
| Calvin cycle | another name for the dark reaction |
| chlorophyll | green pigment that traps energy |
| chloroplast | contains green pigments and has two main inner parts: grana and stroma |
| grana | stacks of membranous sacs in a chloroplast |
| stroma | material that surrounds the membranous sacs in a chloroplast |
| photolysis | the splitting of water during photosynthesis |
| photosynthesis equation | CO2 + H2O + energy -> C6H12O6 + O2 |
| chemiosmosis | ATP production that occurs when hydrogen ions are forced through special channels |
| carbon fixation | the process by which inorganic molecules (CO2) is converted into an organic molecule (C6H12O6) |
| light reaction | part of photosynthesis in which sunlight splits water and ATP and NADPH are formed |
| dark reaction | a circular series of reactions in which CO2 from the air, ATP and NADPH are used to produce glucose |
| photosynthesis | the process in which the energy of sunlight is converted in to the chemical bonds of a carbohydrate (glucose) |
| glocose | C6H12O6 |
| Photosystem | clusters of pigments that trap the energy of sunlight |
| photosystem I | boosts the electrons in chlorophyll which then go through electron transport to procude NADPH |
| photosystem II | electrons of chlorophyll are excited and go through the electron transport chain, the energy from the chain is used to fuel proton pump; photosysis occurs; chemiosmosis occurs and ATP is produced |
| acetly Co-A | pyruvic acid must be converted to this before it can enter the Kreb cycle |
| aerobic respiration | cellular respiration |
| cellular respiration | the process of breaking down glucose to make ATP using oxygen |
| cellular respiration equation | C6H12O6 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + energy |
| anaerobic respiration | fermentation |
| fermentation | the process of breaking down glucose for energy without oxygen |
| glycolysis | the splitting of glucose into two pyruvic acid molecules |
| matrix | semifluid material the surround the inner membrane of the mitochondria |
| cristae | the inner membrane of the mitochondria |
| mitochondria | site of cellular respiration |
| cytoplasm | place where glycolysis, conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl Co-A, and fermentation occurs |
| Kreb cycle | continuous series of reactions in respiration that produces CO2, 2FADH, and 6NADH molecules |
| electron transport chain | process by which high energy electrons are transferred along a series of electron carrier molecules and releases energy; used to make ATP in cellular respiration |
| oxygen | used in cellular respiration as the final electron carrier of the electron transport chain |
| citric acid cycle | another name for the Kreb cycle |
| autotroph | an organism that makes its own food; example plants |
| heterotroph | an organism that does not make its own food so it must rely on an outside source for food |
| lactic acid fermentation | type of anaerobic respiration in which pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid; occurs in humans and other animals |
| alcoholic fermentation | type of anaerobic respiration in which pyruvic acid is converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide; occurs in yeast and other microorganisms |
| WHY BREATHE? | So you can take in oxygen which your cells use to get the energy form glucose |
| proton pump | The movement of H+ ions from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy |
| stomata | opening on the underside of a leaf where water, carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and exit |
