| A | B |
|---|
| personality | an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting |
| personality | ME! |
| free association | in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconsciousin which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrasing |
| free association | almost like hynosis |
| psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts |
| psychoanalysis | techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tension |
| unconscious | according to Freud, a resevoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories |
| unconscious | info. processing of which we are unaware |
| id | contains a resevoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives |
| id | pleasure principle, demands immediate gratification... sex |
| ego | the largely conscious "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality |
| ego | beef heads |
| superego | the part of the personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations |
| superego | standards |
| psychosexual stages | the childhood stages fo development during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones |
| psychosexual stages | oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital |
| Oedipus complex | according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father |
| Oedipus complex | boy wants all of mom's attn. |
| identification | the process, by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos |
| identification | accepting religion as your own |
| fixation | according to Freud, a lingering focus of ppleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in shich conflicts were unresolved |
| fixation | oral gratification by smoking and overeating |
| defense mechanism | in psychoanalytics theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality |
| defense mechanism | 6 examples |
| repression | in psychoanalytic theory, that basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness |
| repression | disguises threatening impulses |
| regression | psychoanalytical defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixed |
| regression | thumb sucking in a child when its time to go back to school |
| reaction formation | psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unaccpetable impulses into their opposite |
| reaction formation | when people express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings |
| projection | psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others |
| projection | "He doesn't trust me" really means "I don't trust him" |
| rationalization | defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanatins in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reason for one's actions |
| rationalization | when an alcoholic says he just drinks "socially" |
| displacement | psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more accpetable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet |
| displacement | kicking a family pet rather then yelling at mom and dad |
| collective unconscious | Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited resevoir of memory traces from our species' history |
| collective unconscious | mother as a symbol of nurturance |
| projective test | a personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics |
| projective test | Rorschach or TAT |
| Thematic Aperception Test (TAT) | a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes |
| Thematic Aperception Test (TAT) | show a pic of a daydreaming boy and interpret it as him projecting his own goals |
| Rorschach Inkblot Test | the most wodely used projective teswt, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots |
| Rorschach Inkblot Test | seeing a cow in a black blob |
| terror-management theory | proposes that faith in one's worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death |
| terror-management theory | death anxiety motivates contempt |
| self-actualization | according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved |
| self-sctualization | the motivation to fulfill one's potential |
| unconditional positive regard | according to Rogers, and attitude of total acceptance toward another person |
| unconditional positive regard | an attitude of grace, God |
| self-concept | all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves |
| self-concept | "Who am I?" |
| trait | a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by seslf-report inventories or peer reports |
| trait | self motivated |
| personal inventory | a questionnair on which people reespond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors |
| personal inventory | used to assess selected personal traits |
| Minnesota Multipohastic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests, originally designed to emotional disorders , now used for many other screening purposes |
| Minnesota Multipohastic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | developing a personality inventory |
| empirically derived test | a test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between roups |
| empirically derived test | MMPI |
| social-cognitive perspective | views behavior as influenced by the interaction by the interaction btwn persons and their social context |
| social-cognitive perspective | emphasizes the interaction of people and their situations |
| reciprocal determinism | the interacting influences btwn personality and environmental factors |
| reciprocal determinism | children's TV watching habits influence their viewing preferences |
| personal control | our sense of controlling our environment rather then feeling helpless |
| personal control | are we controlling or controlled by our environment |
| external locus of control | the perception that chance of outside forces beyond one's personal control determines one's own fate |
| external locus of control | perception that outside forces determine their fate |
| internal locus of control | the perception that one controls one's own fate |
| internal locus of control | i control what happens to me |
| learned helplesness | the hopelesness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events |
| learned helplesness | animals able to escape the skocks in the first situation learned personal control and easliy escaped the shocks in the new situation |
| spotlight effect | overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our apperance, performance, and blunders |
| spotlight effect | thinking people are always watching them |
| self-esteem | one's feelings of high or low self-worth |
| self-esteem | low of high, can cause positive or negative attitude |
| self-serving bias | a readiness to perceive oneself favorably |
| self-serving bias | people accept more responsibility for good deeds then bad ones |
