| A | B |
|---|
| cell membrane | holds cell together |
| cell wall | gives structure to the cell |
| chloroplasts | contains clorophyll |
| chromosomes | made up of genes |
| cytoplasm | watery gel inside cell |
| mitochondria | turns food into energy |
| nucleus | controls cells activities |
| vacuoles | spaces where food and chemicals are stored |
| cell theory | basic units of life, carries out life's processes, new cells are produced from old |
| diffusion | the tendency of a substance to move from a higher level of concentration to a lower concentration |
| osmosis | maintains the balance of water inside and outside of the cell |
| photosynthesis | the process by which light energy is used to make food |
| photosynthesis equation | CO2 + H2O makes sugar + O |
| cell respiration | the process of using oxygen to release stored energy by breaking down sugar molecules |
| fermentation | the process of obtaining energy from sugar by using oxygen as well as other chemicals |
| fermentation waste product | lactic acid |
| mitosis | the process where a cell divides into two exact copies of itself |
| cytokinesis | final stage of mitosis |
| anaphase | mitosis phase where matched chromosomes separate |
| telephase | mitosis stage where cell pinches into to begin dividing |
| metaphase | mitosis stage where chromosomes meet in the middle |
| organ | a group of tissues that function together to do a certain job |
| organ system | a group of organs working together to do a job |
| protists | kingdom of microscopic organisms that have traits of animals, plants, or both |
| multi-cellular | made up of more than one cell |
| examples of protists | paramecium, euglena, amoeba |
| protozoans | protists having both animal and plant-like traits |
| algae | a plantlike protist |
| plankton | tiny organisms on the surface of the ocean |
| fission | cell division of protists |
| example of fungi | yeast |
| ethanol | alcohol produced during fermentation |
| fungi | group of organisms that feed off of dead or living organisms |
| spores | reproductive cells released by spores |
| Rhizopus | common type of mold |
| rhizoids | short extensions that anchor the mold to the bread |
| stolons | mold structures |
| saprophytes | organisms that live on dead or decaying matter |
| moneran | one celled organism having no nucleus |
| bacteria | monerans that feed on dead organic matter or on living things |
| blue-green bacteria | monerans that contain chlorophyll |
| virus | tiny fragment of genetic material wrapped in a protein coat |
| examples of fungi | mushrooms, mold, yeast |
| examples of viruses | AIDS, flu, polio |
| baccillus | rod-shaped bacteria |
| spirillum | spiril shaped bacteria |
| coccus | spherical bacteria |
| immune system | white blood cells used to combat diseases |
| antibodies | proteins that destroy bacteria or viruses |
| symbiosis | the dependency of two animals on one another |
| inherited traits | traits that are passed on from the parents to the offspring |
| female sex cells | eggs |
| male sex cells | sperm |
| DNA | chemical code for life |
| genes | tiny message units found within the chromosomes |
| number of human chromosomes | forty- six |
| meiosis | process of cell division to prepare sex cells |
| fertilization | when the sperm cell and egg cell unite |
| zygote | the fertilized cell |
| learned trait | traits that are influenced by the environment |
| dominant trait | a trait that is shown or expressed |
| recessive trait | a trait that is present but not expressed unless match with another recessive gene |
| punnett square | a square showing the genotypes |
| incomplete dominance | two dominat traits that can be expressed to a varying degree (a blending of the genes) |
| genetic engineering | altering or transfering genes |
| gene slicing | the process where genes are manipulated or altered |
| asexual reproduction | a single parent producing and offspring |
| 3 forms of asexual reproduction | fission, budding, vegetative propagation |
| budding | bump on parent's body becomes recognizable organism |
| vegetative propagation | a new plant is generated from a part of only one parent |
| runners | stems that snake along the ground and produces new plants |
| rhizomes | network of underground stems |
| grafting | the joining of two plants |
| tubers | knobby bulges ungerground |
| female | XX |
| Male | XY |
