| A | B |
|---|
| ribonucleic acid (DNA) | a single strand of nucleotides, nucleotides contain five-carbon sugar ribose, & contains the nitrogen base uracil |
| uracil | nitrogen base found in ribonucleic acid that is complementary to adenine |
| transcription | stage of protein synthesis in which the information in DNA for making a protein is trasferred to an RNA molecule |
| translation | state of gene expresssion in which the infromation in mRNA is used to make a protein |
| gene expression | two-stage processing of information encoded in DNA to produce proteins |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme that adds and links complementary RNA nucleotides during transcription |
| messenger RNA | RNA copy of a gene used as a blueprint for the making of a protein during translation |
| codon | a three nuleotide sequence in DNA or nRNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a stop signal |
| genetic code | a sequence of necleotides that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein |
| transfer RNA | RNA molecule taht temporarily carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome during translation |
| anticodon | a three-nucleotide sequence on the tRNA that recognizes a complementary codon on mRNA |
| ribosomal RNA | type of RNA molecule that plays a structureal role in ribosomes |
| operator | region ofg DNA that controls RNA polymerase's access to a set of genes with related functions |
| operon | segment of DNA that controls gene reulation in a set of genes with related functions in prokaryotes |
| lac operon | gene system with a promoter; an operator gene, and three structural genes that control lactose metabolism |
| repressor | protein thaqt binds to the operator in a operon to switch off transcription |
| intron | segment of mRNA transcribed from eukaryotic DNA but removed before translocation of mRNA into a protein |
| exon | sequence of nucleotides on a gene that gets transcribed and translated |
| point mutation | mutation in which one or just a few nucleotides in a gene are changed |
