| A | B |
|---|
| Evidence of Evolution | fossils, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, comparative biochemistry |
| Fossils | traces of once living found in sedimentary rock |
| Imprint | film of carbon remains |
| Age of fossils | determined by radioactive isotopes |
| Half-life | time required for 1/2 of radioactive molecules to decay |
| Over time, organisms of ___ ___ appeared on earth | increasing complexity |
| Homologous Structures | things that have the same structure and origin |
| Vestigial Organs | organs that seem to serve no useful function |
| Comparative Embryology | comparing stages of embryonic development |
| Comparative Biochemistry | Cytochrome C-universal compoud found in all aerobic organisms |
| Common Ancestry | If species change over time, there should be examples of living species that may have come from a common ancestor |
| Jean Baptiste Lamarck | "Inheritance of acquired characteristics" |
| Charles Darwin | Current Theory of Evolution - Natural Selection |
| Divergent Evolution | Whenf two or more related species becoming less alike |
| Natural Selection | Individuals with advantageous variation are more likely to survive and reproduce. Favorable genetic traits accumulate in a population over generations. |
| Adaptive Radiation | many related species evolved from a single ancestor |
| Convergent Evolution | When unrelated species becoming more alike as they adapt |
| Analogous Structure | structures with same functions but not similar origins |
| Mutation | Genetic changes that enable a species to adjust to altered conditions |
| Artificial Selection | mates are selected |
| Archaeopteryx | Organism that was part reptile and part bird |
| Bipedal | Uses two legs/feet to walk/move |
| Carrying Capacity | The limit of an organism that an area can support |
| Carnivore | Organism that is a meat eater |
| Herbivore | Organism that is a plant eater |
| Omnivore | Organism that consumes both plants and animals |
| Continental Drift | Land mass shift that happened over time |
| Diurnal | Animal that is out mostly during the daytime |
| Nocturnal | Animal that is out mostly at night |
| Diploid | When cells have two sets of chromosomes per cell |
| Haploid | When there is only 1 of each chromosome in each cell |
| Extinction | When all of a species has died |
| Fossilization | The process by which organisms are preserved |
| Galapagos | Place where Darwin's observations led to his theory on evolution |
| Genetic Isolation | Where no gene flow occurs between members of two populations |
| Geographic Isolation | When populations do not come into contact with each other due to where they live |
| HMS Beagle | Name of the ship Darwin sailed on |
| Isotope | An atom that is identical except for the number of neutrons |
| Mass Extinction | When a huge number of species die off in a short period of time. |
| Migration | Movement of individuals into or out of a population |
| Opposable Thumbs | Structures that can help some animals grasp things toward their fingers |
| Origin of the Species | Darwin's book about evolution |
| Ozone | Molecule made up of 3 oxygen atoms |
| Paleontologist | Individual that study fossils and fossil records |
| Archeologist | Individual that studies artifacts from the distant past |
| Pangaea | Name of the lone land mass when there was only 1 continent |
| Vertebrates | Animals that have a backbone |
| Speciation | Process by which a new species develops |
| Invertebrates | Animals that do not have a backbone |
| Peppered Moth | Illustrated Industrial melanism in England |
| Survival of the Fittest | Term used to describe Darwin's theory that means Natural Selection |
| Population | The total number of a type of organism at some location |
