| A | B |
|---|
| Prince Henry | Prince of Portugal; Set up a school for navigators [sailors] |
| Vasco Da Gama | Portuguese sailor, rounded the tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope; first to sail up west coast of Africa & on to India |
| Bartholomeu Dias | Portuguese sailor, first to round the tip of Africa |
| Columbus | Spanish explorer, 1492 landed in the West Indies, thinking it was the East Indies; given credit for "discovering" the new World |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Italian explorer; America named after him |
| Magellan | Spanish explorer sailed through the strait named after him at the tip of South America |
| cartographer | a map maker |
| John cabot | English explorer, claimed the rich fishing grounds off Newfoundland |
| Sir Francis Drake | English captain; raided Spanish vessels; followed Magellan's path around South America and on to circumnavigate the world |
| circumnavigate | sail around the world |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | Spanish explorer, crossed Panama to "discover" the Pacific Ocean |
| Captain Pedro Alvarez Cabral | Claimed Brazil for Portugal |
| Jaques Cartier | French explorer, claimed the St. Lawrence River Valley [Canada] for France |
| Henry Hudson | Dutch explorer, claimed Hudson River & New York for the Dutch [Netherlands] |
| conquistadors | Spanish conquerors |
| Cortes | Spanish conquistador; conquered the Aztec empire in Mexico |
| Pizarro | Spanish conquistador; conquered the Inca empire in Peru |
| Las Casas | Spanish priest & missionary; defended the rights of Native Americans in the colonies and in Spain |
| Trung Trak & Trung Nhi | Sisters who led an uprising to kick Chinese out of Vietnam |
| Moctezuma | Ruler of the Aztecs who was conquered by Cortes |
| Tenochititlan | Capital city & center of the Aztec empire; now Mexico City; destroyed by Cortes & the Spanish; Aztec belief its fall ended the world |
| Magellan's crew | The first to circumnavigate to world |
| Portugal | The leading country in exploration; explorers went around Africa |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | Divided the non-European world between Spain & Portugal at a Line of Demarcation |
| Line of Demarcation | West of the line was open to Spanish exploration; east to portugal |
| Brazil | Only Portuguese colony in the Americas because it was east of the Line of Demarcation |
| China | Country that influenced Vietnam for 1,000 years |
| Indian | Influences strong in Southeast Asian religions, art, architecture, writing systems |
| women | Enjoyed high staus in Southeast Asia |
| Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam | Religions that came from India to Southeast Asia |
| Buddhism, Daoism | Religions came to Vietnam from China |
| resistance | Vietnamese attitude towards foreign control |
| Peninsulares | People born in Spain; highest jobs in colonial government & Catholic Church |
| Creoles | American born descendents of Spanish settlers & land owners |
| Mestizos | Mixed European [Spanish] + Native American descent |
| Mulattoes | Mixed European [Spanish] + African descent |
| Atlantic Slave Trade | Began 1500s to fill need for labor in Spanish America became very profitable |
| Triangular Trade | Trade between America; Europe & Africa |
| Middle Passage | Middle part of triangular trade = Slaves from Africa to America |
| Impact of slave trade on Africa | Millions of slaves taken from Africa; whole societies disappear |
| Commercial Revolution | Growth of trade + Growth of capitalism |
| Capitalism | Private property + $ used to make a profit |
| Joint Stock Company | People pool $ for risky ventures like setting up overseas colonies |
| mercantilism | a nation's wealth is measured by gold + silver so it must export more than it imports |
| mercantilist's idea of colonies | Exist for the benefit of the mother country by supplying her with raw materials & a market for goods |
| Search for new trade routes | leads to exploration & the conquering of new lands |
| European diseases | killed about 90% of Native Americans |
| Superior military technology of the Spanish | horses, muskets, cannons, metal armor |
| Christianity [Catholic Church] | Religion forced on Native Americans by the Spanish |
| Spain | European country had the largest land claims in the Americas due to the gold & silver it took |
| encomiendos | the right to demand tribute or labor from Native Americans |
| sugar cane + tobacco | cash crops grow on plantations in the Caribbean |
| Amazon Rainforest | unexplored jungle land in the interior of South America |
| 13 English colonies | enjoyed more self-government than other colonies |
