| A | B |
|---|
| Kwame Nkrumah | Leader of Ghana's independence movement |
| Adnan Menderes | Prime minister of Turkey who was later executed by the military |
| Ian Smith | leader of the white minority government of Rhodesia |
| King Farouk | Ruler of Egypt whose governmental inefficiency and corruption led to his overthrow |
| Robert Mugabe | head of the new nation of Zimbabwe |
| Joseph Mobutu | Congolese army general who came to power in a military coup |
| Jomo Kenyatta | Leader of the Kikuyu people who became president of Kenya in 1964 |
| Anwar Sadat | Egyptian president who was assassinated in 1981. |
| Chaim Weizmann | the first president of the republic of Israel |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | ruler who enjoyed almost complete control of Egypt from 1954 to 1970 |
| Zaire | Name of the nation that was originally the Belgian Congo |
| Turkey | Only middle east nation to join NATO |
| Iran | Country in which a revolution led to the taking of American hostages |
| Katanga | Country that tried to establish its own government after seceding from the Congo |
| Nambia | After 20 years of bitter fighting, South Africa finally granted this country its independence in 1990 |
| Apartheid | policy of racial separation followed be the South African government, until recently |
| Pan-Africanism | Movement promoting the cultural unity of all Africans in their struggle for freedom |
| desertification | spread of the desert |
| kibbutz | Collective farms in Israel |
| shuttle diplomacy | process where a negotiator travels back and forth between countries, helping to reach a settlement |
| colon | European settlers in Algeria |
| Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau | Portuguese colonies that recieved independence in 1974 after a military coup in Portugal |
| Beafro | In 1967, the Eastern Region seceded from Nigeria, becoming this independent republic |
| David Benguri | the first prime minister of the Republic of Israel |
| Suaz canal | when the western powers withdrew an offer to aid in the building of the Aswan Dam, Nasser retaliated by nationalizing this |
| opec | in 1960 Venezuela and the oil-producing nations of North Africa and the Middle East established this |
| khomeini | Religioius leader, and head of the Islamic republic, which replaced the monarchy in Iran |
| Wole Soyinka | Nigerian playwright and poet who was the first African to win the Nobel Prize |
| Mandela | African National Congress leader, who served 30 years in jail for protests against apartheid |
| Algeria | this nation acheived independence aftera war between French settlers and guerrilla forces |
| Kenya | country controlled by the British, who were unable to supress the terrorist Mau Mau, but were able to control the desire for independence until 1963 |
| Nigeria | Independence of this country came at the price of a civil war, but it gained a position of leadership by the 1980s |
| Ghana | The first Sub-Saharan colony to gain independence |
| Zimbabwe | Formerly called Rhodesia, this nation was formed in 1980 after years of guerilla warfare and a civil war. |
| Intifada | Arabic word meaning"shaking". Name for the Palestinian uprisings against Israeli presence in the late 80s |
| PLO | Palestinian Liberation Organization |
| Petrodollars | profits from oil |
