| A | B |
|---|
| evidence | anything that demonstrates the soundness of a claim |
| facts | statments that can be verified objectively |
| statistics | facts expressed in numbers |
| logical appeal | appeal that relates to the mind and intellect |
| emotional appeal | appeal that relates to the reader's heart |
| ethical appeal | appeal that relates to the reader's sense of fairness and trust |
| logical fallacy | common mistake in thinking |
| claim | persuasive point of view |
| claim of substantiation | examine and interpret information in order to resolve disputes about facts, etc. |
| claim of evauation | consider right and wrong, appropriateness or inappropriateness, etc. |
| claim of policy | challenge or defend approaches for achieving generally agreed-upon goals |
| expert testimony | people with knowledge of a particular field gained from study and experience |
| immediate causes | causes that are evident and close at hand |
| remote causes | causes that are underlying and basic |
| remote effects | effects that are deeper and longer lasting |
| immediate effects | effects that are evident and close at hand |
| analysis | breaking down information into its parts and elements |
| synthesis | putting together elements and parts to form new wholes |
| evaulation | judging according to standards or criteria |
| deductive reasoning | begin with a general statement, then provide support |
| inductive reasoning | begin with examples and lead to a generalization |
| particular | instance, detail, example or case |
| generalization | broad general point or viewpoint |
| comparison | using substantial likeness to project other similarities |
| thesis | main idea of the essay |
| explicit thesis | plainly stated main idea |
| implicit thesis | indirectly stated main idea |
| primary source | a firsthand account of an event |
| bias | leaning toward a particular side of an issue |
