| A | B |
|---|
| Arthropoda | phylum of jointed-legged animals |
| Trilobita | subphylum of extinct arthropods; contains trilibites |
| Crustacea | subphylum of arthropods that have branching antennae and mouth parts called mandibles |
| Chelicerata | subphylum of arthropods that have no antennae and pincerlike mouth parts called chelicera |
| Uniramia | subphylum of arthropods that have antennae, mandibles, and unbranced appendages |
| appendages | jointed extensions off of body segments |
| compound eyes | eyes composed of many individual light detectors; each with its own lens |
| molting | shedding of the exoskeleton |
| chitin | a carbohydrate that forms part of the arthropods exoskeleton |
| mandibles | chewing mouth parts |
| isopods | means equal legs or identical legs |
| decapods | means 10 legs or 5 pairs of legs |
| uropod | the most posterior appendage on many crustaceans |
| myriapods | means many legs; centipedes and millipedes |
| cephalothorax | consists of two tagmenta (sections) fused together: the head and thorax |
| abdomen | the tagma (section) that lies posterior to the cephalothorax |
| carapace | the dorsal exoskeleton of the segments in the cephalothorax is fused into a single tough covering |
| telson | the seventh abdominal segment, forms a flat paddle at the posterior end of the crayfish |
| antennae | feelers the respond to touch and taste |
| chelipeds | claw-like structures; the most anterior pair of appendages on the thorax of a crustacean |
| swimmerets | appendages attached to crustaceans that are used in swimming; create a water current and functions in reproduction |
| green glands | found on aquatic arthropods; used to remove excess water and nitrogen waste |
| malpighian tubules | found on terrestrial arthropods; used to remove nitrogen waste |
| arachnids | spiders, ticks, mites, and scorpions |
| pedipalps | second pair of mouth parts on chelicerata that aid in holding and chewing prey |
| spinnerets | found on the abdomen of a spider; produces silk and aids in web production |
| book lung | found on terrestrial arthropods; parallel folds of tissues where gas exchange occurs |
| tracheal tubes | found in terrestrial arthropods; system of tubes that carry air directly to tissues where gas exchange occurs |
| spiracles | openings on the exoskeleton for tracheal tubes and book lungs |
| chelicera | modified fangs used to inject poison into prey |
| entomologist | a person who studies insects |
| incomplete metamorphosis | insect life cycle in which the organism does not completely change body form; stages include: egg, nymph, and adult |
| nymph | an immature form of an insect; looks like a smaller version of the adult |
| complete metamorphosis | insect life cycle in which the organisms completely changes body form; stages include: egg, larvae, pupa, adult. |
| chrysalis | pupa of butterfly enclosed in a case |
| cocoon | moth pupa enclosed in a case |
| phermones | a chemical release by an animal that affects the behavior or development |
| protostome | an animal whose mouth develops from the blastopore |
| deuterostome | an animal whose moth forms second |
| tunicates | invertebrate cordates that live attached to the ocean bottom |
| lancelets | invertebrate chordates that are fishlike marine animals |
| notochord | a long, stiff rod of cartilage that forms between the nerve cord and the digestive tract |
| pharyngeal slits | a series of slits that develop in the wall of the pharynx |
| Chordata | phylum of organisms that have a nerve cord, notochord, and pharygeal slits at some point in their lives; includes tunicates, lancelets, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals |
| Echinodermata | phylum of pentaradial marine invertebrates with an endoskeleton, water vascular system and tube feet |
| pentaradial symmetry | a body symmetry in which the body parts extend from the center along five spokes |
| bipinnaria | the larva of echinoderms |
| ossicles | one of the small calcium carbonate plates that make up the endoskeleton of an echinoderm |
| test | the shell, or hardened covering of some invertebrates |
| oral surface | the surface of an echinoderm where the mouth is located |
| aboral surface | the surface opposite the mouth on an echinoderm |
| pedicellariae | one of many pincerlike structures on the surface of certain echinoderms |
| water vascular system | a network of fluid-filled canals in echinoderms |
| madreporite | a sievelike plate on the aboral surface of an echinoderm through which water enters the water vascular system |
| stone canal | part of the water vascular system in sea stars that connects the madreporite with the ring canal |
| ring canal | the portion of a sea star's water vascular system that encircles the mouth |
| radial canal | the portion of a sea stars's water vascular system that runs the length of each arm |
| ampulla | a bulblike sac at the base of the tube feet of an echinoderm that functions in movement |
| tube feet | one of many small, flexible, fluid-filled tubes that projects from the body of an echinoderm and are used in locomotion, feeding, gas exchange and excretion |
| skin gills | one of many hollow tubes that projects from the surface of a sea star, through which gas exchange and excretion takes place |
| nerve ring | a nerve that encircles the central region of an echinoderm |
| radial nerve | nerves that runs along the length of each arm on a sea star |
