| A | B |
|---|
| rift valley | A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart. |
| Ring of Fire | A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean |
| Sea-floor spreading | The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor |
| Subduction | The process by which ocean ic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary |
| P-Wave | A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground |
| S-wave | A wave released from an earthquake that moves solids back and forth. |
| Transform boundary | A plate boundary where two plates scrape past each other |
| asthenosphere | The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats |
| conduction | the transfer of heat within a material or between materials that are touching |
| convection current | the movement of a fluid caused by differences in temperature |
| convergent boundary | a plate boundary where two plates move towards each other |
| crust | the layer of rock that forms the Earth's outer surface |
| deep-ocean trench | a deep valley along the ocean floor where oceanic crust slowly sinks towards the mantle |
| radiation | the transfer of energy through space |
| divergent boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other |
| earthquake | the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface |
| epicenter | the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus |
| focus | the point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake |
| Inner Core | A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of the Earth |
| Lithosphere | A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust |
| Magma | The molten mixture of rock forming substances in the mantle |
| Mantle | The layer of hot rock material between Earth's crust and core |
| Mid-ocean Ridge | An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced;a divergent plate boundary |
| Outer core | A layer of liquid iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of the Earth |
| Pangaea | The name of the single landmass that broke apart to make today's continents |
| Plate tectonics | The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle |
| What does a transfrom boundary form | faultlines and earthquakes |
| What does a convergent boundary between continents form? | mountains |
| What does a convergent boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust form | deep-ocean trenches and volcanoes |
| What does a divergent boundary in the ocean form | mid-ocean ridge |
| What does a divergent boundary on land form | rift valley and hot springs |
| What are 5 pieces of evidence for Pangea | puzzle pieces, glacier scrapings, plant and animal fossils, mountain range evidence, rock evidence |
| Which earthquake wave arrives first? | p waves |
| What type of heat transfer works when a fluid heats up becomes less dense and rises? | convection |
| Where is there a rift valley on Earth | Africa's Great Rift Valley |
| Where is there a mid-ocean ridge on Earth | The Mid ATLANTIC ridge |
| Where is there mountain forming at a convergent boundary? | The Himalays in India/Asia |
| Why does Iceland have so many hot springs? | The Mid- Atlantic Ridge comes above the water there and is splitting iceland in half. |
| What is the difference between a focus and an epicenter? | A focus causes the Earthquake and is underground, the epicenter is the point directly above the focus on the surface. |
| Granite | an igneous rock that makes up the continents |
| Basalt | an igneous rock that makes up the oceanic crust |
| Igneous | a type of rock that forms from cooling magma or lava |
| Sedimentary | a type of rock formed from sediment being eroded, deposited, and cemented together. |
| The type of rock with layers | Sedimentary |
| Metamorphic Rock | a type of rock formed from heat and pressure |
| How are rocks classified? | By the way they are formed. |
| What are the 4 steps to make Sedimentary rock? | erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation |
