| A | B |
|---|
| Freedman's Bureau | agency set up to help former slavers with food, clothing, medical services, schools, transportation to jobs, and acquire land |
| 13th Amendment | abolished slavery in all parts of U.S. |
| Civil Rights Act 1866 | granted full citizenship to African Americans and gave the federal government the power to intervene in state affairs to protect their rights |
| 14th Amendment | granted full citizenship to individuals born in the U.S. No state can take away life, liberty, property without “due Process” |
| First Reconstruction Act of 1867 | This act created new governments in the 10 Southern States that had not ratified the 14th Amendment. It created 5 military districts out of these states and placed them under the authority of military command until new government were formed. Guaranteed African Americans the right to vote in state elections and prevented former Confederate leaders from hold political office. |
| Second Reconstruction Act | required military leaders to begin registering voters and to prepare for new state constitution conventions |
| 15th Amendment | it prohibited the state and federal governments from denying the right to vote to any male citizen because of race, color of previous condition of servitude |
| 1870-1871 Laws passed by Congress to stop the violence of the KKK | These laws had limited success because white southerners refused to testify against those who attacked African Americans and their white supporters. Order was restored before the presidential election of 1872. |
| Public Schools | 187 Public Schools were created which benefited both races 50% of white children and 40% of African Americans were enrolled in public schools. Most schools were segregated. |
| African Americans in Government | played an important role in Reconstruction politics both as voters and as elected officials |
| Black Codes | These laws were aimed to control freed men and women and enable plantation owners to exploit African Americans. Ex. Local officials could arrest and fine unemployed African Americans and make the work for white employers to pay off their fines. Laws banned African Americans from owning or renting farms. Law allowed orphaned African Americans to be used as unpaid apprentices for whites. |
| Ku Klux Klan | was a secret society whose aim was to use violence to intimidate African Americans. Violence increased before elections to keep African Americans from voting. |
| Sharecropping | Landowners rented land to a share cropper along with a crude shack, some seed, tools and maybe a mule. In return the sharecropper shared a % of their crop with the landowner. After paying there was little left over to sell. Sharecropper was usually in debt and little better off than they were under slavery. |
| Poll Tax | - fee that people had to pay before they could vote |
| Literacy Test | prospective voters had to read and explain parts of the state or federal constitution. To keep white from being hurt by this they passed a “grandfather clause”- if your grandfather could vote than you could too |
| Amnesty Act | Pardoned most former Confederates. Amnesty changed the political balance in the South by restoring full rights to the people who supported the Democratic Party. |
| Jim Crow | These laws required African Americans and whites to be separated in almost every public place. This policy was upheld by the Supreme Court by the Plessy v. Ferguson case. |
| Compromise 1877 | Republicans and Democrats met to work out an agreement that would allow Hayes to be President. The new government would give more aid to the South and withdraw all remaining troops. The Democrats would promise to maintain African Americans’ rights. In Hayes Inaugural Address he said, “your rights and interests would be safer if this great mass of intelligent white men were left alone by the general government” |
