| A | B |
|---|
| classification | The process of grouping things together based on their similarities. |
| taxonomy | The scientific study of how living things are classified. |
| binomial nomenclature | Linnaeus's naming system in which each organism is goven a two-part name. |
| genus | A classification grouping that contains similar closely reated organisms |
| species | A group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring in nature. |
| taxonomic key | A series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms |
| Archaebacteria | "Ancient Bacteria" that already existed on Earth for billions of years before dinosaurs appeared |
| Eubacteria | Help maintain some of Earths physical conditions and help other organisms survive. Can live on and in your body but most are harmless. |
| Protists | The "odd and ends kingdom", where organisms are very different from one another. Some are autotrophs some are heterotrophs. All are eukaryotes. |
| Eukaryote | Organisms with cells that contain nuclei |
| Autotroph | An organism that makes it own food |
| Heterotroph | An organism that can not make its own food |
| Fungi | Most are multicellular eukaryotes. All are heterotrophs. A mushroom is an example |
| Plants | These feed almost all heterotrophs on Earth. Without these life on Earth would not exist |
| Animals | These have different adaptations that allow them to locate food, capture it, eat it, and digest it. |
| Flagellum | a long whiplike structure that extends from the cell membrane and goes through the cell wall. Helps a cell to move like a propeller. |
| Binary fission | How bacteria reproduce. The cell divides to form two identical cells. |
| asexual reproduction | Binary fission is a form of this. Involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent. |
| sexual reproduction | Involves two parents who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism which differs from both parents |
| conjugation | One bacterium transfers some of its genetic material into another bacterial cell through a thin bridge that joins the two cells. |
| endospore | Contains the cell's genetic material and some of its cytoplasm. Can survive many years. Can blow from place to place and grow and multiply |
| decomposer | Organisms that break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals. |
| toxin | A poison which can harm an organism |
| antibiotic | A chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth without harming the body cells of humans |
| infectious disease | A disease that can pass from one organism to another |
| bacterium (bacteria) | a single-celled organism that is a prokaryote, elongs to either the Archaebacteria or Eubacteria Kingdom. |
| virus | A small, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell |
| host | An organism that provides a source of energy or a suitable environment for a virus or for another organism to live |
| parasite | An organism that lives on or in a host on or inside another and harms it |
| bacteriophage | A virus that infects bacteria |
| vaccine | A substance used in a vaccination that consists of pathogens that have been weakened or killed by can still trigger the immume system into action |
