| A | B |
|---|
| ribose | the sugar found in RNA |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) | RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins form DNA to the rest of the cell |
| ribosomal RNA (rRNA | type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes |
| transfer RNA (tRNA) | type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
| transcription | process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription |
| promoter | region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA |
| RNA editing | the cutting and trimming of RNA to its final size before it is put into action. |
| intron | intervening sequence of DNA; does not code for a protein |
| exon | expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein |
| amino acid | compounds that are carried by the tRNA, which are the building blocks of proteins |
| polypeptide | long chain of amino acids that makes a protein |
| protein | Made up of amino acids coded for by DNA |
| codon | three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid |
| translation | decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain |
| ribosome | Site where proteins are assembled. Made of RNA and proteins. |
| anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon |
| “master plan” | DNA in the nucleus, holds the original genetic information |
| “blueprint” | mRNA that leaves the nucleus and takes the information into the cytoplasm of the cell. |
| enzyme | a protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
