| A | B |
|---|
| alpha particle | this type of emanation has the highest mass |
| gamma radiation | this emanation has no mass and no charge |
| beta particle | this emanation is really a high speed electron |
| gamma radiation | this emanation has the highest penetrating power |
| alpha particle | this emanation has the highest ionizing power |
| beta particle | this emanation would be deflected toward a positive plate |
| half life | the time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay |
| particle accelerator | gives particles sufficient energy to overcome repulsive forces and collide with something |
| neutron | this type of particle can't be used in a particle accelerator |
| transmutation | a change from one element to another |
| artificial transmutation | a change from one element to another by bombarding the nucleus |
| fission | splitting of a heavy nucleus with the release of energy |
| chain reaction | one reaction is the cause of others |
| uranium-235 | fuel for a fission reaction |
| fuel rods | tubes used to contain pellets of uranium oxide |
| control rods | regulate the supply of neutrons available for fission |
| cadmium and boron | substances used for control rods |
| moderator | used to slow down neutrons |
| water | material used as a moderator |
| coolant | used to help regulate temperatures in a fission reactor |
| water | material used as a coolant |
| steel containment vessel | used to protect the walls of a reactor |
| reinforced concrete | shielding used to protect personnel at a nuclear power plant |
| fusion | when two light nuclei combine to form a heavier one and energy |
| tracer | substance used to follow the path of a chemical reaction |
| radioactive dating | using the ratio of radioactive to stable isotopes to determine the age of something |
| carbon-14 | used to date organic material |
| uranium-238 | used to date geologic formations |
| irradiation | supplying a dose of radiation |
| iodine-131 | used to diagnosis and treat thyroid disorders |
| cobalt-60 | used to treat brain tumors |
