| A | B |
|---|
| Bronze Age | when people learned to make bronze tools, which were stronger and harder than stone tools of the previous Stone Age; happened in Mesopotamia where wheel, plow, writing, money, and armies were invented |
| Nile River | the lifeblood (as important as blood) to Ancient Egyptians |
| pharaohs | kings of ancient Egypt who were worshipped as gods |
| dynasties | ruling families/ royal families where power was passed by bloodlines |
| Tutankhamen (King Tut) | this pharoah was famous because archeologists found his unplundered tomb (it was never robbed) |
| monarch | ruled by a king or a queen |
| democracy | rule by the people |
| dictatorship | one person's rule by force, with help from military |
| pyramids | burial tombs of Ancient Egyptian rulers that protected pharaohs in their afterlife; were built without iron tools; one of the Seven Wonders of the World |
| Sphinx | a great rock sculpture with the head of a pharaoh and the body of a lion; standing guard over the pyramids at Giza |
| hieroglyphics | Ancient Egyptian system of writing that used pictures to represent words |
| papyrus | paper-like material made from the reed plant |
| Rosetta Stone | a message written in stone with Egyptian hieroglyphics and translations in Greek; this enabled scholars to understand Egyptian hieroglyphics. |
| Nubia | region south of Egypt and was an independent kingdom in ancient times |
| mummification | process by which bodies were preserved (organ were removed and the body was wrapped) |
| Ancient Egypt | known as "Gift of the Nile" because the river provided irrigation, fertile soil, and easy transportation |
| East Bank in Ancient Egypt | known as "land of the living" because sun rises from the east |
| West Bank in Ancient Egypt | known as "land of the dead" because sun sets on the west bank |
| Sahara Desert | desert that provided natural barrier to enemies |
| length of Egyptian Civilization | 3000 years (3100 BC to 30BC) |
| polytheistic | worship of multiple gods |
| Ra | Egyptian god of the sun |
| Osiris | Egyptian god of rebirth |
| Queen Hatshepsut | first important woman ruler in history |
| Ramses II | Warrior and builder of great temples and statues |
| archeology | study of human history and prehistory through artifacts and other physical remains |
| Giza | site for Egypt's' great pyramids |
