| A | B |
|---|
| What type of radiation given off by the sun has the highest energy? | ultraviolet |
| What percent of solar radiation is returned to outer space? | 30% |
| What type of solar radiation is mainly responsible for warming the earth? | infrared |
| What is the trapping and returning of radiation by substances floating in the atmosphere called? | greenhouse effect |
| What are the three main greenhouse gases? | CO2, H20, CH4 |
| What would happen if we increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere? | Global temperatures increase |
| The ability of a material to absorb or bounce back solar radiation is known as... | Reflectivity |
| What color represents the reflection of all visible light? | white |
| How does heat capacity relate to the amount of energy that can be stored by a substance? | Higher heat capacity = more thermal energy that can be stored (small increases in temp) |
| What is the chemical formula for ozone? | O3 |
| What is the #1 cause of destruction of the ozone? | CFC's |
| Which atom causes the destruction of the ozone? | Cl |
| Where is the ozone layer located? | Stratosphere (2nd layer after troposphere) |
| Pollutants that enter the atmosphere in their chemical form are known as... | Primary air pollutants |
| What is the #1 source of air pollution? | Transportation - car emissions |
| What are the two main ingredients in photochemical smog? | Auto exhaust and sunlight |
| What is the least effective method for controlling air pollution? | trapping the pollution after it has been released |
| What is the minimum energy required for an effective collision to occur called? | Activation energy |
| How does a catalyst speed up a reaction? | Lowers the activation energy |
| What are the 3 compounds that contribute to acid rain? | CO2, SO2, SO3 |
| Will the pH of an acid lake be high or low? | Low (pH 1 - most acidic) |
| What ion does an acid form in solution? | H+ (hydrogen ion) |
| What ion does a base form in solution? | OH- (hydroxide ion) |
| In acidic solutions, the concentration of which ion is low? | OH- (hydroxide ion) |
| How much more basic is a solution with a pH of 13 than a solution with a pH of 9? | 10,000 |
| What is the pH of a solution with 1.0 x 10-7 H+ ions? | 7 |
| A solution has a pH of 3, what is the concentration of OH- ions? | 1 x 10-11 |
| Which of the following is an acid? NaOH, KOH, HNO3 | HNO3 |
| What happens when an acid touches red litmus paper? blue litmus paper? | red stays red, blue turns red |
| What happens when an acid is placed with Magnesium ribbon? | reaction occurs |
| In the US what has happened to air pollution concentrations in the past 20 years? | decreased |
