| A | B |
|---|
| Great Rift Valley | Giant fault (break in the earth) that runs for 4,000 miles in east Africa. May be the site of the first humans. |
| ANC (African National Congress) | Organization that was fighting Apartheid. |
| desertification | Turning of semi-desert land into desert. |
| savanna | The African plains. |
| Ghana | This early African empire trade gold for salt with the berbers. |
| Mali | Early African kingdom which controlled the gold mines and was lead by Mansa Musa. |
| Mansa Musa | Strong leader who brought peace and prosperity to Mali; and spread Islam with a pilgrimage to Mecca. |
| patrilineal | The oldest male heads the family and society. |
| matrilineal | Women head the family and society. |
| polygamy | Practice of having more than one spouse. |
| subsistence farming | Producing enough food to survive with no surplus. |
| triangular trade | The trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas which sent slaves to the "New World" in exchange for rum and trinkets. |
| diaspora | The scattering of people. |
| imperialism | One country taking over another country. |
| Berlin Conference | Meeting in which the European powers divided Africa amongst themselves, establishing new boundaries; with no Africans present. |
| nationalism | Having pride in one's nation, or desiring one's own nation. |
| Pan Africanism | Desire to unify all of Africa. |
| Negritude | Movement that encouraged Africans to value their heritage. |
| urbanization | The growht of cities. |
| non-alignment | Practice of not favoring either side during the cold war. |
| Apartheid | Strict legal system of South Africa which seperates the races. |
| Nelson Mandela | Black leader arrested in South Africa and sentenced to life in prison. Current president of South Africa. |
| economic sanctions | To cut of trade in order to bring about changes. |
| tribalism | The tribe is the main social group. |
| "white man's burden" | Belief that European civilization was superior and it was their duty to civilize more primitive people. |
| cataract | Waterfalls and rapids. |
| hydroelectric power | Energy produced by moving water. |
| drought | Long period without rain. |
| Swahili | Combination of Arab words with African languages. (exampl of cultural diffusion). |
| The Boer War | Between British and Dutch over South Africa. |
| Gold Salt Trade | The trade of gold by Africa to the Middle East for salt. |
| Cold War | Period after WWII of political and economic struggle between Democracy and Communism. |
| GNP | Gross Naitonal Product; all of the goods and services of a country. |
| World War II | World wide war from 1939-1945 which left Europe in ruins and aided the arrival of African independence. |
| infrastructure | Transportation and communications networks. |
| plateau | Large area of high flat land. |
| escarpments | Steep cliffs. |
| Muslims | People who practice the Islamic religion. |
| leaching | Heavey rains washing away the nutrients in soil. |
| abolition | To get rid of something. |
| FW deklerk | White South African president who brought about an end to Apartheid. |
| Desmond Tutu | Black archbishop who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985 for his efforts to bring about a peaceful end to Apartheid. |
