| A | B |
|---|
| Sepoys | Hired Indian soldiers to fight for the British in India |
| Machine Gun | Brought about trench warfare in WWI |
| Alexander Kerensky | Headed up the provisional Russian govt. after the 1st Russian Revolution |
| Harry Truman | Dropped the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima |
| Napoleonic Wars | Congress of Vienna was conviened as a result of these |
| Wilson's 14 Points | Included an independant Poland, free use of the seas, & League of Nations |
| Potsdam Treaty | Laid out plans of dealing with Post War Europe and current Japanese situation |
| Franklin Roosevelt | Created the New Deal in America |
| Communist Manifesto | Written by Marx & Engels |
| Herbert Spencer | Founded Social Darwinism |
| Romantic Writers | Edgar Allen Poe, Mary Shelly, William Wordsworth |
| Dawes Plan | American plan to reduce reperations owed by Germany |
| Japan | Asian nation which modernized rapidly |
| Mohandas Ghandi | Led Indian Independance movement |
| Russia & E. Europe | Experienced unemployment, inflation, price increases and pollution after Communist collapse |
| Treaty of Versailles | WWI German surrender document |
| Meiji Restoration | Time period of Enlightened Japanese emperors |
| Industrial Revolution | Started in England |
| Gold,God,Glory,Political,Ideological | Reasons for European Imperialism |
| Boxer Rebellion | Chinese rebellion against foreign influenced |
| Four | Number of occupation zones in Germany |
| Cavour | Prime Minister of Piedmont, responsible for Northern Italian unification |
| China | Sent Communist forces to fight with the N. Koreans |
| Italy | Set up the 1st Fascist state |
| Opium Trade | Fought over by China and Britain |
| Battleship Fleet | Destroyed by Japan at Pearl Harbor |
| Unrestricted Submarine Warfare | Caused the US to enter WWI |
| Mid 1830's | Boer Great Trek |
| August 9, 1945 | Nagasaki bombed |
| December 7, 1941 | Pearl Harbor bombed |
| June 28, 1914 | Franz Ferdinand assassinated |
| September 6-10, 1914 | 1st Battle of the Marne |
| 1904-1905 | Russo-Japanese War |
| March 5, 1917 | Nicholas II abdicates |
| David Livingstone | Explorer in Central Africa |
| Gavrillo Princip | Assassin of Archduke Ferdinand |
| James Watt | Invented the steam engine to start the industrial revolution |
| J. Robert Oppenheimer | Head scientist in charge of Manhatten Project |
| Manchuria | Invaded in 1931 and renamed Manchukuo by Japanese |
| 1945-1990 | Cold War |
| Triple Entente | France, Britain, & Russia |
| Ottoman Empire | Fell after WWI |
| Poision Gas | Chemical weapon used in WWI |
| Genocide | Mass killing |
| Rasputin | Russian monk who had political powers |
| No Man's Land | Territory between opposing forces trenches |
| Urbanization | Movement of people from the country to the city |
| Industrialization | Using machines instead of human labor |
| Radar | Technological advancement that helped the British win the Battle of Britain |
| Taiwan | The defeated Nationalist Chinese fled here |
| Holocaust | Genocide; Nazi's used to eliminate Jews |
| Kristallnacht | Night of Broken Glass; anti-Jewish |
| Peninsulars | European born Spanish colonial rulers |
| Caudillos | Military warlords that ruled Latin America after independence |
| Creoles | Local born descendants of original European settlers |
| Maximillan Robespierre | Started the reign of terror |
| Napoleon | Overthrew French government in 1799 |
| Four | Number of Occupation Zones in Germany |
| Fidel Castro | Communist Cuban Dictator |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
| Konrad Adenauer | Leader who brought political and economic stability to W. Germany |
| Truman Doctrine | Provide $ to any nation fighting Communism |
| Marshall Plan of 1947 | European Recovery Act- $13 Billion in loans |
| COMECON | USSR response to Marshall Plan |
| Containment Policy | Prevent Soviets from expanding their borders |
| June 1948-May 1949 | Berlin Air Lift |
| 1949 | USSR develops the A-Bomb |
| 1949 | Communists take over China |
| 1950-1953 | Korean War |
| Yalu River | Border between China and N. Korea |
| M.A.D. | Mutually Assured Destruction |
| Warsaw Pact | USSR answer to NATO |
| CENTO | Central Treaty Organization |
| SEATO | SouthEast Asia Treaty Organization |
| Domino Theory | Fit into Containment Policy |
| 1959 | Castro takes control of Cuba |
| Batista | American supported Cuban dictator |
| April 1961 | Bay of Pigs Invasion |
| 1960; Eisenhower | U-2 Spy Plane shot down over USSR |
| 1961 | Berlin Wall constructed |
| 1962 | Cuban Missile Crisis |
| 1963 | Atmospheric Test Ban Treaty signed |
| 1964-1975 | Vietnam War |
| 1955 | French defeated & withdraw from Vietnam |
| 1953 | Stalin dies |
| De-Stalinization | Condemnation of Stalin and removal of his practices |
| Nikkita Khrushchev | Soviet leader after Stalin |
| Consumer Goods and Light Industry | Khrushchev's economic plan |
| Rapid Modernization/Industrialization | Stalin's economic plan |
| Charles de Gaulle | Post war leader in France |
| Detente | Reduction of Cold War tensions |
| Helsinki Agreements | Acception of Soviet shperes of influence |
| Brezhnev Doctrine | USSR would interviene if Communism was threatened in another Communist state |
| Perestroika | Restructring (Political & Economic) |
| Glastnost | Openness |
| December 31, 1991 | Collapse of the Soviet Union |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Passed reforms that would lead the USSR to collapse |
| Boris Yeltsin | President of Russia from 1991-1999 |
| E.E.C. | European Economic Community |
| E.U. | European Union |
| Margaret Thatcher | Anti-Communist Prime Minister of England |
| Iron Lady | Nickname for Thatcher |
| Major Cold War nations | US & USSR |
| Taiwan | Defeated Chinese Nationalists fled here |
| Marshall Tito | Communist leader of Yugoslavia |
| 1975 | Helsinki Agreements signed |
| OPEC | Oil Producing and Exporting Countries |
| 1967 | Arab-Israili Conflict |
| 1948 | Israel is created |
| Francis Gary Powers | Downed U-2 pilot |
| 1985 | Gorbachev comes to power |
| Ronald Reagan | American President during the 1980's |
| Steam Engine | Invention that started the Industrial Revolution |
| James Watt | Invented the steam engine |
| Railroads | Overland transportation innovation |
| Steam Ship | Water bound transportation innovation |
| Coal | Fossil fuel used to power steam engines |
| Textiles | English industry that was first affected by the Industrial Revolution |
| Cotton | Fiber coveted in textile industry |
| Cotton Gin | Invented by Eli Whitney |
| Urbanization | Movement to the cities |
| Child Labor | Children being used in a factory or industrial capacity |
| The Factory Act | 1833; limited the usage of child labor |
| Socialism | Government control of society to benifit society |
| Utopian Socialism | Cooperative Society |
| Crimean War | 1853-1856; Ottomans, British, & French v Russia |
| Count Cavour | Prime Minister of Piedmont |
| Kingdom of Piedmont | Strongest Italian state; unified Northern Italy |
| Guiseppe Garibaldi | Red Shirts; unified Southern Italy |
| Italy unified | September 20, 1870 |
| Prussia | Militaristic German state; led German unification |
| Otto von Bismarck | Prussian Prime Minister; German Unification |
| Real Politik | Politics of Reality |
| Franco-Prussian War | July 15, 1870 |
| Germany united | January 18, 1871 |
| Romanticism | Feelings over reason |
| Walter Scott | Wrote "Ivanhoe" |
| Mary Shelley | Wrote "Frankenstein" |
| Edgar Allen Poe | Wrote numerous short stories |
| Pasteur | Biologist; identified diseases |
| Mendeleev | Developed the periodic table of elements |
| Charles Darwin | Evolution; Natural Selection |
| Realism | View the world realistically |
| Charles Dickens | Realist writer |
| Second Industrial Revolution | Began with use of steel & electricity |
| Michael Faraday | 1831; first crude electric generator |
| Thomas Edison | Invented the electric light bulb |
| Alexander Grahm Bell | Invented the telephone |
| Gugliemo Marconi | Invented the radio |
| Wright Brothers | 1903; Invented the first gas powered aircraft |
| Henry Ford | 1908; Automobile manufacturer who developed the assembly line |
| Socialist Trade Unions | Public ownership of capital; workers dominate |
| Karl Marx | Father of Communism; Wrote "The Communist Manifesto" |
| Friedrich Engles | Associate of Marx; contributed to "The Communist Manifesto" |
| Bourgeoisie | Owners; Oppressors; Middle Class |
| Prolotariat | Workers; Oppressed |
| Revisionists | Opposed violent overthrow |
| Strike | Organized work stopage |
| Gold | Economic |
| God | Religious |
| Glory | Exploration |
| Ideology | Social-Darwinism |
| Political | Government |
| Singapore | British controlled water route |
| Burma | British controlled land route |
| French Indo-China | French control in S.E. Asia |
| Philippines | US aquire after Spanish-American War |
| Indirect Rule | Local rulers maintain control |
| Direct Rule | Mother country has complete control |
| 1880's | Slavery abolished in major countries |
| Muhammad Ali | Egyptian leader in 1805 |
| 1869 | Suez Canal constructed |
| Algeria | French protectorate |
| Livingstone & Stanley | British explorers of Central Africa |
| Boers | Descendants of Dutch settlers in S. Africa |
| Zulu | Native S. African tribe |
| Great Trek of 1830's | Boer migration to the North |
| Boer Republics | Transvaal & Orange Free State |
| 1899-1902 | Boer War |
| British East India Company | Ruled India early on; Direct Rule |
| Sepoy Rebellion | Mutiny over bullets greased in animal fat |
| INC | Indian National Congress |
| Sati | Widow burning |
| Mohandas Ghandhi | Indian Nationalist |
| 1839-1842 | Opium War in China |
| Treaty of Nanjing | Treaty ending Opium War |
| Extraterritoriality | Extension of laws outside natural borders |
| 1850-1864 | Taiping Rebellion |
| Treaty of Tianjin | Legalized Opium trade after Taiping Rebellion |
| Open Door Policy | All Western nations have egual trade rights in China |
| Sphere of Influence | Local area of control by Western power |
| Boxer Rebellion | Revolt against foreign influence in China |
| Matthew C. Perry | U.S. flotilla commander who forced open trade with Japan |
| Meiji Restoration | Period of Enlightened rule by Japan's emperors |
| 1894 | Sino-Japanese War |
| 1904-1905 | Russo-Japanese War |
| 1908 | Japanese annexation of Korea |
| Suez Canal | Linked the Mediterranean to the Red Sea |
| East India Company | British corporation that controlled India |
| Shaka | Tribal leader of the Zulus |
| Sun Yat-sen | Early Nationalist Chinese leader |
| Tokugawa Shogunate | Last warlord dynasty in Japan |
| Manchu Dynasty | Last Chinese Dynasty; Collapsed in 1911 |
| Strait of Malacca | Coveted waterway between Malaya and Sumatra |
| 1898 | Spanish-American War |
| USS Maine | American battleship sunk in Cuba |
| Swahili | Language of the Zulus |
| Mao Zedong | Communist leader who took control of China after WWII |
| Joseph Stalin | Dictator of Russia |
| Adolf Hitler | Dictator of Germany |
| Benito Mussolini | Dictator of Italy |
| Leon Trotsky | Favored to take control of USSR |
| Purges | Mass execution of opponents to the reign of Stalin |
| New Economic Policy | Capitalist reforms implemented by Lenin |
| Ho Chi Minh | Communist revolutionary in Vietnam |
| October 1929 | US Stock Market Crash |
| November 1923 | Beer Hall Putch in Munich |
| October 29, 1922 | Mussolini becomes Prime Minister of Italy |
| January 30, 1933 | Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany |
| Francisco Franco | Dictator of Spain |
| Heinrich Himmler | Leader of SS |
| 1931 | Japanese invade Manchuria |
| Dawes Plan | American plan to help Germany with reparations |
| Ruhr Valley | German industrial center occupied by French |
| Treaty of Locarno | Set up borders with France, Germany, & Belgium |
| Kellog-Briand Pact | Renounce war as tool of international policy |
| John Maynard Keynes | British economist who believed in government involvement in economies |
| Black Shirts | Italian Fascists who supported Mussolini |
| 1922 | Lenin creates the USSR |
| 5 Year Plans | Economic & Industrial plans designed by Stalin |
| Collectivization | Elimination of private farms |
| NSDAP | National Socialist German Workers Party |
| Mein Kamph | My Struggle |
| Enabling Act | Ignore powers of Constitution for 4 years |
| Nuremburg Laws | Laws aimed against Jews |
| Kristallnacht | Night of Broken Glass/Mini war on Jews |
| Manchukuo | Japanese puppet state of Manchuria |
| Estates System | French social system |
| First Estate | Clergy |
| Second Estate | Nobility |
| Third Estate | Commoners |
| Bourgeoisie | Middle Class |
| Estates General | Equivalent to French Parliament |
| Louis XVI | King of France |
| June 17, 1789CE | National Assembly called for |
| July 14, 1789CE | Storming of the Bastille |
| August 26, 1789CE | Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen |
| January 21, 1793CE | Louis XVI executed |
| Maximillan Robespierre | Started the reign of terror |
| Napoleon | Overthrew French government in 1799 |
| Leonid Brezhnev | Soviet premier during detente |
| Battle of Trafalgar | Nelson destroys Napoleons fleet |
| Triple Alliance of 1882 | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy |
| Triple Entente of 1907 | France, Britain, Russia |
| Congress of Berlin | Romania, Serbia, Montenegro are independent |
| Balkan League | Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro |
| Brinkmanship | Use threat of going to war to achieve what you want from someone else |
| Conscription | Draft |
| June 28, 1914 | Assassination of Franz Ferdinand and wife |
| Gavarillo Princip | Member of the Society of the Black Hand |
| July 28, 1914 | Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia |
| August 1, 1914 | Germany declares war on Russia |
| August 3, 1914 | Germany declares war on Belgium & France |
| August 4, 1914 | Britain declares war on Germany |
| Schlieffen Plan | German plan to encircle Paris and trap the French Army |
| September 6-10,1914 | First Battle of the Marne, Germans halted |
| Trench Warfare | Stalemate that erupted after no one side gained an advantage |
| No Man's Land | Area between opposing trenches where nothing survived for very long |
| Lawrence of Arabia | British officer who convinced Arab princes to help overthrow the Ottoman Empire |
| April 6, 1917 | USA enters the war on the side of the allies |
| May 7, 1915 | Lusitania sunk |
| Zimmerman Telegram | German message to Mexico asking for help if war with USA ensued |
| Treaty of Brest-Litvosk | Removed Russia from the war |
| August 7-September 1, 1914 | Battle of Tannenberg |
| February 21-December 6, 1916 | Battle of Verdun |
| May 31-June 1, 1916 | Battle of Jutland |
| July 1-November 19, 1916 | Battle of the Somme |
| July 15-August 4, 1918 | Second Battle of the Marne |
| Kiel Mutiny | 11/3/1918, German soldiers and sailors refuse to fight for current regime |
| Kaiser William II abdicates | November 9, 1918 |
| Germany signs armistice | November 11, 1918 |
| Treaty of Versailles | Peace treaty signed by Germany and Big Four on 6/28/1919 |
| Terms of treaty | Make reparations, war guilt clause, give up land |
| Wilson's 14 Points | Plan to keep peace in Europe after the war |
| Nicholas II | Tsar of Russia |
| Rasputin | Siberian "priest" who influenced policies in Russia |
| Duma | Russian legislature |
| Alexander Kerensky | Leader of Provisional Russian Government |
| Lenin | Leader of the Bolsheviks |
| July 16, 1918 | Tsar and family executed |
| Soviets | Counsils composed of deputies from the workers and soldiers |
| Leon Trotsky | Commissar of War who created the Red Army |
| War Communism | Government seizure of all banks, industries and food supplies to ensure the strength of the Red Army |
| Cheka | Russian secret police |
