| A | B |
|---|
| Two Types of theme: | explicit and implicit |
| Explicit theme | A theme that is stated openly in the literary work. |
| Implicit theme | a theme that is not directly stated, but which the reader can infer |
| Two levels of conflict: | internal and external |
| Internal conflict | • It is the battle between what the character wants to do and what the character must do |
| External conflict | • This conflict is the external problem that is standing in the way of the character and his or her goals |
| Four categories of conflict: | character vs. character, character vs. society, character vs. self, character vs. nature |
| Character vs. character | involves conflicts between characters in the story |
| Character vs. nature | involves conflict between the character and the natural world |
| Character vs. society | involves conflict between a character and a larger group |
| Character vs. self | involves a character’s psychological conflicts with himself or herself |
| Three points of view: | 1st person, 3rd person limited, 3rd person omniscient |
| 1st person point of view | • A character in the story who tells the story through his or her eyes |
| 3rd person limited point of view | •Readers are told the thoughts and feelings of only one character• Readers are able to see all of the characters' points of view, but 3rd person limited zeroes in on one character more than the others |
| 3rd person ominiscient point of view | • A narrator (not a character in the story) who shares all of the thoughts and feelings of multiple characters within the story |
| Two types of symbols | universal and constructed |
| Universal symbol | Symbols that embody universally recognizable meanings wherever used |
| Constructed symbol | Any object, person, color, etc., that is given symbolic meaning by the way an author uses them in a literary work |
| Two types of setting: | integral and backdrop |
| Integral setting | is essential to the plot; it influences action, character or theme |
| Backdrop setting | is relatively unimportant to the plot; it is like the featureless curtain or flat painted scenery of a theater. |
| Flat character | • is not fully developed; we know only one side of the character |
| Round character | • is fully developed, with many traits-- bad and good-- shown in the story. We feel that we know the character so well that he or she has become a real person |
| Static character | • is a character that does not experience a basic change during the course of the story |
| Dynamic character | • is a character that experiences an “internal” change by the end of the story |
| Protagonist | • is the central character (person, animal, or personified object) in the plot’s conflict |
| Antagonist | • is the force in conflict with the protagonist. It may be society, nature, or fate as well as another person |
| Stereotype character | • is a character who possesses expected traits of a group rather than being an individual |
| 5 parts of plot triangle: | exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution |
| Exposition | • This introduces background material about the characters, setting, and dramatic situation |
| Rising Action | • The author presents obstacles that increase the tension of the story conflict |
| Climax | • The moment when the action comes to its highest point of dramatic conflict |
| Falling action | • The events following the climax that lead to the ending of the story |
| Resolution | • The conclusion of the story structure (plot line) |
| What must every story have? | A conflict |
