| A | B |
|---|
| qualitative data | answers a yes or no question |
| quantitative data | answers the question how much |
| predictions | based on background knowledge |
| observations | made with the senses touch, smell, hearing, and sight |
| control setup | part of the experiment that remains constant |
| experimental setup | part of the experiment that contains the variable |
| independent variable | variable that you control |
| dependent variable | variable that you collect data on |
| hypothesis | an educated guess |
| data | recorded observations |
| hypothesis support | when the data matches the prediction |
| periods | horizontal rows on the periodic table |
| group of family | vertical rows on the periodic table |
| metals | elements to the left of the stair step line not touching the lineincluding Al |
| nonmetals | elements to the right of the stair step line not touching the line |
| metaloids | elements touching the stair line except Al |
| alkali metals | family 1, most highly reactive |
| alkaline earth metals | family 2, highly reactive |
| halogens | family 17, 7 valence electrons |
| inert gases | family 18, nonreactive |
| protons | found in nucleus, equal to the atomic number |
| electrons | found orbiting the nucleus, equal to the atomic number |
| neutrons | found in the nucleus, atomic mass minus atomic number |
| valence electrons | electrons in the outermost energy level |
| oxidation number | calculated by comparing the electrons to the nearest nobel gas |
| ionic bonding | one element completely gives up its valence electron(s) |
| covalent bonds | valence electrons are shared |
| matter | all the stuff in the universe |
| element | made up of one kind of atom |
| compound | made up of 2 or more atoms chemically combined, have a chemical formula |
| homogeneous mixture | two substances not chemically combined and uniformly distributed |
| heterogeneous mixture | two substances not chemically combined, not uniformly distributed |
| physical properties | characteristics of matter that describe the matter but do not change it |
| chemical properties | characteristics of matter that allow it to form a new type of matter |
| density | mass/unit volume |
| melting point | point at which a solid becomes a liquid |
| boiling point | point at which a liquid becomes a gas |
| condensation point | point at which a gas becomes a liquid |
| freezing point | point at which a solid becomes a liquid |
| solid | has a definite shape and volume |
| liquid | has a definite volume but no definite shape |
| gas | no definite shape or volume |
| motion | change in position measured by distance and time |
| speed | distance /unit time |
| velocity | distance/ unit time in a specific direction |
| average velocity | total distance/total time |
| acceleration | rate of change in velocity |
| deceleration | decrease in speed |
| force | push or pull on an object |
| friction | force that opposes motion |
| gravity | attraction between all objects |
| free fall | when objects fall under the influence of gravity |
| weight | the effect of gravity on mass |
| momentum | product of the mass of an object and its velocity |
| Newton's 1st law | objects at rest remain at rest |
| Newton's 2nd law | F=MA, unbalanced forces |
| Newton's 3rd law | for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| gravitational potential energy | increased by increasing the height or mass of an object |
| elastic potential energy | generated by squashing or stretching and object |
| work | force X distance, a force that causes motion in the direction of the force |
| Newton | measure of force |
| Joules | measure of energy or work |
| Watt | measure of power |
| Power | work/time, rate at which work is done |
