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| What joint stock company was granted a Royal charter by Elizabeth I of England in 1600 for the purpose of conTrolling trade in India? | British East India Company |
| What major political party was founded in India in 1885 to press for greater rights for Indians under British rule? It later became one of the main forces calling for Indian independence. | The Indian National Congress |
| What Indian political group was organized in 1906 to protect the rights of Muslims? It later became a major group calling for Indian independence. | The Muslim League |
| What religion is practiced by Muslims? | Islam |
| What is the Raj? | The era of British rule in India. |
| What was the Sepoy Mutiny? | A rebellion of Hindu and Muslim native soldiers who revolted when commanded to use animal fat cartridge casings for their rifles in violation of their religious dietary laws. |
| What empire brought Muslim control to Hindu India (1526-1761)? | The Mughal Empire |
| What battle between French and British troops won India for England in 1757? | The Battle of Plassey |
| How did the British East India Company gain and maintain control of India? | By conquest and collaboration with Muslim nobles. |
| How did the American Civil War destroy native economics in India? | The flow of Southern American cotton to British textile mills was stopped: so the BEIC banned weaving and dying in India and concentrated on growing cotton there only. Women who made fabrics were out of jobs. |
| How did the imposition of British law hurt native Indian people? | Debtors lost their lands and corrupt officials overtaxed Indians to seize their lands. |
| What was the results of the Zanindars taking Indian peoples' lands? | Peasants could not grow crops and 1/3 of Indians on British land died from famine. |
| What cultural attitude justified colonization by saying that European countries had a duty to expose "backward" people to their superior religion, politics, and economic systems? | The White Man's Burden |
| What were some transportation and communication benefits of British rule fo India? | The British built roads, telegraph and postal systems. They built railroads to connect cities to market ports. |
| What were social benefits of British rule in India? | Setting up schools for an educated elite civil service, outlawing sati, thuggee rituals, and trying to improve the treatment of Untouchables. |
| What was sati (suttee)? | Hindu practice of widow burning to immediately join dead husband in recarnation cycle. |
| Who were the thuggees? | Worshippers of Goddess Kali who offered human sacrifice and attacked travelers. |
| Who were the Untouchables? | The Outcasts (lowest caste) in India |
| What was the political result of the Sepoy Mutiny? | Queen Victoria took India directly under British Imperial control and declared herself Empress of India. |
| What term shows how valuable India was to England? | It was known as the Jewel of the Crown. |
| What area of Southeast Asia was controlled by the Dutch? | Indonesia |
| What area of Southeast Asia was controlled by the Spanish? | The Philippines |
| What areas of Southeast Asia were controlled by the British? | Singapore, Hong Kong, Burma, and Malaya |
| What areas of Southeast Asia were controlled by the French? | Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos) |
| What Southeast Asian country managed to maintain its own independent monarchy? | Siam (Thailand) |
| Why was Thailand able to keep its sovereignty? | The British and French used it as a buffer zone between lands they each controlled. |
| Although Americans were divided over the nation's role as a new imperial power, what nation in Southeast Asia did the US gain after defeating the Spanish in 1898 and conquering an army of native freedom fighters? | The Philippines |
| What does the forbidden city show about a Chinese emperor's power and relationship to his subjects? | He is physically, culturally, and personally separate and elevated from the people he rules. |
| What dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1911? | Qing (Manchu) |
| Who were the Manchus? | A fierce warrior tribe from north and east of China. |
| What Chinese products did European traders desire? | Silk, tea, porcelain |
| What ritual of respect did Qing emperors require of foreigners and Chinese who came into the presence of the emperor? | Kow tow |
| What is the kow tow? | 3 kneeling and 9 prostrations to denote utter submission to the emperor. |
| What did the kow tow indicate about China's self-image? | That it was the center of the universe and that all foreigners were never to be treated as sovereign equals |
| How did the Dutch ambassadors gain trading rights to China while the British envoys did not? | The Dutch accepted the kowtow. British merely bowed according to their custom, a slight to the emperor. |
| What was the basis of China's economy in the 18th and 19th century? | Agriculture by peasants and preserved through Confucian relationships of respect and obedience. |
| What did the British smuggle into China to gain a favorable balance of trade? | Opium |
| What was the result of the Opium War in 1839 between Britain and China? | Superior British weapons forced China to make concession of favorable trade status, opened port cities to European trade, and grant extraterritorial rights to British citizens in China. |
| What are extraterritorial rights? | Foreigners who broke Chinese laws were not tried by Chinese courts but taken home to be tried there (or not). This was a loss of sovereignty to China. |
| What phrase refers to the scramble to control China by European nations ? | Cutting up the Melon |
| How did America's trade demands in China differ from European nations'? | The US wanted an Open Door (free trade not territory) |
| How did European missionaries indirectly cause the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)? | A Christian convert believed he was Jesus little brother and over 20 million Chinese died as the Qing needed European aid to put down the rebellion. |
| What was the result of the Taiping Rebellion for China? | The Qing rulers were forced to grant Britain and France further concessions and China lost more control of its own nation. |
| What was unusual about Cheng Ho's gigantic voyages of discovery? | The Chinese Emperor decided they were not worth funding and China lost out to more aggressive European nations. |
| What was the Boxer Rebellion? | Chinese nationalists who called themselves the Society of Harmonious Fists seized a foreign settlement in 1900. The Qing Dynasty once again had to rely on Europeans to keep its control but lost more power. |
| What was the Old Imperialism? | European conquest and settlement of colonies in 1500s and 1600s mostly in the Western Hemisphere. |
| What was the New Imperialism? | Conquest or control of native Asian and African peoples in 19th century for the purpose of controlling the native economies for more wealth and power. |
| Why did abolishing the slave trade in Africa help pave the way toward European conquest there in the late 1880s? | Europeans wanted to gain the new riches and raw materials found in Africa. |
| How did rising European nationalism contribute to the drive for the New Imperialism? | New organized nations like Germany and Italy wanted to prove their importance with conquest, while older iperial powers wanted to maintain or extend their control. |
| How did Social Darwinism contribute to the New Imperialism? | The idea of the survival of the fittest was seem as proof that Western technology and culture were superior to native societies in Asian and Africa. |
| What British adventurer and capitalist used Social Darwinism as a reason for building railroads from Egypt to South Africa to increase his own wealth? | Cecil Rhodes |
| What British colony was named for Rhodes? | Rhodesia |
| What is Rhodesia called today? | Zimbabwe |
| What improvements in European technology, transportation and communication facilitated colonial conquests in Africa? | Quinine protected Europeans from malaria. The automatic machine gun gave European armies vast advantages in warfare against Africans. Telegraphs, railroads and steamships eased communication and transportation. |
| What technological wonder prompted England to seize control of Egypt for trade purposes? | The Suez Canal |
| What was the Boer War? | A conflict between British troops and original Dutch settlers in South Africa (1899 to 1902). The British won control of the Cape Colony and its gold mines. |
| Which European nation earned a reputation as one of the cruelest colonial powers in Africa? | Belgium for its treatment of natives in the Congo. |
| Which African peoples put up the strongest resistance to European militaries in the South? | The Zulu led by Shaka's nephew Catshwayo. |
| Which African nation survived the entire 19th century as an independent Christian nation? Its King Menelik II protected it from Italian takeover. | Ethiopia |
| What parts of Africa came under French control? | French West Africa, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, French Equatorial Africa and the island of Madagascar. |
| How did the history of Liberia differ from that of other African countries? | In 1820, American former slaves were sent to Western Africa to resettle freely. They founded the nation of Liberia (Freedom) and named their capital Monrovia after the President James Monroe. |
| What areas of Africa did Germany claim? | Cameroon, Togo, German Southwest Africa and German East Africa (Tanganyika) |
| What two nations were formed in the late 1880s out of smaller political units? | Germany and Italy |
| Who was the Prussian who orchestrated the modern Germany out of smaller states? | Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck |
| Who were leaders in the Italian fight for independence from Austria? | Giuseppe Garibaldi and Camillo di Cavuor |
| How did Italy achieve unification? | Battles against Austrian military to free Italian states. |
| How did Germany achieve unification? | Clever battles using the modernized Prussian military against Austria united smaller German speaking states. |
| What challenges did Italy face after unification? | Struggle for social reform and to industrialize and modernize. |
| What challenges did Germany face after unification? | Limiting the power of the Roman Catholic Church, building railroads and controling coal and iron resources for modern industry. |
| What is a cultural example of Italian national feeling? | Verdi's opera"Nabucco" that reminded Italians of the beauty of their land controlled by Austria. |
| What is a cultural example of German national feeling? | Bismarck's "blood and iron" speech and the German national anthem "Germany, Germany, Over all." |
