| A | B |
|---|
| cecum | blind pouch just off the colon, similar to the appendix in humans |
| papillae | fingerlike projections in the rumen used to increase surface area for absorption |
| duodenum | first region of the small intestine |
| jejunum | middle region of the small intestine |
| ileum | final region of the small intestine |
| villi | fingerlike projections found in the intestine to increase surface area |
| cardia | first region of the monogastric stomach |
| body | second region of the monogastric stomach |
| pylorus | part of the monogastric stomach leading to the small intestine |
| rumen | Largest portion of the ruminant stomach |
| reticulum | compartment in ruminant stomach responsible for trapping foreign objects |
| omasum | third compartment of the ruminant stomach |
| abomasum | compartment of the ruminant stomach that leads to the small intestine |
| bloat | condition in ruminants caused by a build-up of gases |
| colic | condition in horses causing abdominal distress |
| bacteria | used in fermentation to digest plant fiber |
| peristalsis | muscle contractions that assist in the swallowing of food |
| regurgitate | re-chewing food, this is what happens when cows chew their cud |
| pancreas | secretes enzymes to break down fats |
| gall bladder | stores bile when you are not eating |
| monogastric | animals with one true stomach |
| ruminant | animals with one stomach containing 4 compartments |
| sphincter | circular muscle that prevents the return of food backwards to the esophagus |
| liver | largest internal organ, secretes bile and digests fats |
| small intestine | long coiled tube that connects the stomach to the large intestine |
| large intestine | also called the colon, follows the small intestine |
| concentrate | feedstuff high in energy and low in fiber |
| roughages | feedstuff low in energy and high in fiber |
| lipid | basic nutrient containing 2.25 times more energy then proteins |
| minerals | basic nutrient available in major, minor and trace elements |
| proteins | basic nutrient, 10 essential amino acid, 25 total |
| carbohydrates | basic nutrient consisting of C, H, and O |
