| A | B |
|---|
| Routers boot from... | Flash memory, TFTP Server, ROM |
| If NVRAM lacks boot system command it looks in this | Cisco IOS in Flash |
| If flash memory is empty where does router look? | TFTP Server |
| 0x- - -0 | The router will manually enter ROM monitor mode |
| 0x- - -1 | router boots automatically from ROM |
| 0x- - -2 | Router will look for a config file in NVRAM |
| Command to get the boot system from Flash | Router(config)#boot system flash IOS filename |
| Command to get the boot system from the network server | Router(config)#boot system tftp IOS filename ip address |
| Command to get the boot system from ROM | Router(config)#boot system rom |
| First part of the naming convention (cpa25) | platform on which the image runs |
| Second part of the naming convention (cg) | special capabilities |
| Third part of the naming convention | where the image runs |
| Command used to configure an Ethernet port | Router(config)#int e0 ip address subnet mask |
| Command used to configure a router's protocol | Router(config)#router rip |
| 0x2142 | Password recovery configure register |
| TCP/IP enables communication among... | Any set of interconnected networks (LAN and WAN) |
| POP3 | internet standard for storing email |
| Traceroute | traces the path a packet takes to a destination |
| TCP | connection oriented, reliable |
| UDP | connectionless, unreliable |
| Sequence number | the number used to ensure correct sequencing of arriving data |
| Acknowledgment number | the expected TCP octet |
| Port numbers | keep track of the different conversations that cross the network at the same time |
| Port numbers below 255 | public applications |
| window size | Number of bytes that are transmitted before recieving an acknowledgment |
| sliding window | Window size is negotiated |
| Acknowledgment | N+1 |
| RARP | used to locate IP address when the MAC address is known |
| Aplication layer | supports network management |
| Given the interface address- 107.85.20.2 and the subnet mask- 255.255.255.240, what is the broadcast address? | 107.85.20.15 |
| Perm | the entry was manually configured in a static host table |
| Trace | has the ability to locate failure in the path from the source to the destination |
| Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup | command which turns off name to address translation |
| What maintains a cache list of host name to address mappings? | Cisco IOS software |
| This is normally caused by a timeout in response | asterisk (*) |
| The router uses the ? address to identify the destination network (LAN) of a packet within an internetwork | network |
| Path selections are made using the... | network portion of the address |
| Routed protocols | direct user trafic |
| Routing protocols | used between routers to maintain tables |
| Static route | manually updates topology changes |
| Dynamic route | automatically updates topology and traffic changes |
| Default route | directs packets to the next hop when the hop is not listed in the routing table |
| Metrics most commonly used by routers | Load, reliability, and bandwith |
| Convergence | When all routers on an internetwork are opperating with the same knowledge |
| Distance vector based algorithms | requires a routing table from each of its directly connected neighbors |
| Routing loops | packets never reach their destination |
| Counting to infinity | routing loops go on until something else stops it |
| Split horizon | prevents routes from exiting the router through the same interface it entered in |
| Hold down timers | allow more time for help to prevent a router from immediatly using an alternate route that includes the failed router |
| When are routers unreachable? | different sets of LSA's |
| Link state routing protocols are triggered by this | topology changes |
| Hybrid protocol designed by Cisco | EIGRP |
| ip route command | sets up a static route |
| administrative distance | rating of the trustworthiness of a routing information source |
| Autonomous system | consists of routers run by one or more operators that present a consistent veiw of routing to the external world |
| Routers are grouped under what | common administration |
| Exterior routing protocols | used for communications between autononmous systems |
| Interior routing protocols | used within a single autononmous system |
| Global tasks and interface tasks | selection of an ip routing protocol involves setting these |
| IF the hop count is greater then 15, this occurs | the packet will be discarded |
| RIP routing tables are updated every | 30 seconds |
| IGRP routing tables are updated every | 90 seconds |
| Show ip route command | id's destination network addresses and the next hop pairs |
| debug ip rip command | displays rip routing updates as they are sent and recieved |
| Layer 1 errors | broken cables, disconnected cables, cables connected to the wrong ports |
| Layer 2 errors | incorrectly configured serial interfaces, improper encapsilation |
| Layer 3 errors | incorrect subnet masks, incorrect ip addresses, no routing protocol enabled |
