| A | B |
|---|
| aftershock | an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area |
| anticline | an upward fold in rock formed by compression of earth's crust |
| base-isolated building | a building mounted on bearings designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake |
| compression | stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks |
| deformation | a change in the volume or shape of earth's crust |
| earthquake | the shaking that results form the movement of rock beneath earth's surface |
| epicenter | the point on earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus |
| focus | the point beneath earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake |
| folds | bends in rock that form the lower half of a fault |
| fault-block mountain | a mountain that forms where a normal fault uplifts a block of rock |
| fault | a break in earth's surface where slabs of rock slip past each other |
| footwall | the block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault |
| hanging wall | the block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault |
| liquefaction | the process by which an earthquake's violent motion suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud |
| normal fault | a type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust |
| P waves | a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground |
| plateau | a large area of flat land high above sea level |
| reverse fault | a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward |
| Richter scale | a scale that rates seismic waves as measured by a particular type of seismograph |
| S waves | types of seismic waves that move the ground up and down or side to side |
| seismic waves | vibrations that travel through earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake |
| seismograph | a device that records ground movements caused my seisnic waves as they move through earth |
| shearing | stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions |
| stress | a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume |
| strike-slip fault | a type of fault where rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other with little up or down motion |
| surface waves | types of seismic waves that form when P waves and S waves reach earth's surface |
| syncline | a downward fold in rock formed by compression in earth's crust |
| tension | stress that stretches earth's crust so that it becomes thinner in the middle |
| tsunamis | large waves produced by earthquakes on the ocean floor |
| magnitude | the meausurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults |
| Mercalli scale | a scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause |
| Moment Magnitude scale | a scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake |
