| A | B |
|---|
| condition statement | an "if...then" statement used to sway a person's view |
| Puritan Plain Style | clear statements lacking cleverness and excessive description |
| myth | a story told to explain the origin of man or the universe; stories which teach cultural values; stories which attempt to explain the things beyong our control |
| personification | giving human traits to non-human items |
| archetype | an unconscious understanding of an object, color, element of nature etc. to create deeper meaning for a reader |
| symbol | something that represents something else |
| legend | a story based partially on truth which often contains a heroic adventure |
| logo | a sign or symbol to indicate meaning without words |
| oral tradition | a means of passing down cultural beliefs from one generation to another by telling stories orally |
| signal words | show a change of time, importance, place etc. to enable the reader to see a change coming |
| narrative | story |
| slave narrative | story of a slave told or written by the slave |
| emotional appeal | using emotion (anger, grief, joy, etc.) to create a feeling in a person to sway a belief |
| summary | reducing the longer selection to its key points |
| "but" shift | whatever comes AFTER the but is the real meaning! |
| slave narrative | story OF a slave's life told BY a slave |
| emotional appeal | using charged words to cause an emotional response in the reader |
| precis | a summary with MLA documentation |
| journal | a personal diary |
| point of view/ POV | the perspective from which the story is told |
| objective | open minded, unbiased |
| bias | favors one thing over another |
| author's purpose | just WHY did the author write this piece just this way? |
| subjective | biased, one sided |
| signal words | words used to clue in the reader to a shift of ideas, tone etc. |
| cause >> effect / C>E | making a case that one thing caused another to happen |
| diction | author's word choice |
| expert opinion | quoting a person with experience to support what you are saying |
| extended metaphor | long comparison of two unlike things such as throughout an entire poem |
| paraphrase | restating an idea but using your own words |
| sermon | formal speech given in a church |
| oratory | method used to give an effective speech that has emotional appeal, causes hearer to act, addresses audience needs, uses colorful language |
| context | the meaning added by the words around the key idea |
| repitition | exact use of the same words or phrase to emphasize a point |
| parallelism | using the same grammatical form repeatedly for emphasis |
| direct address | way to call attention to one person or group |
| allusion | reference to a well known historical even, geographical site, famous painting or literature to enhance the meaning for a reader |
| dialogue | words spoken by characters |
| stage directions | indicates where scene takes place, what the stage looks like, where the characters are to move and how they are to speak; ususally set in italic type; used for dramas |
| cause-effect fallacy | a mistaken decision that says a thing resulted from a cause that is inaccurate |
| motive | reason why a character does what s/he does |
| hubris | excessive pride that brings a character down |
| red herring fallacy | introducing information into an argument that has nothing to do with the basic problem in order to throw the other person off |
| ad hominem fallacy/namecalling | attacking the character of someone in order to win your argument |
| metaphor | comparison of unlike things |
| simile | comparison of unlike things using like or as within the statement |
| irony | an unexpected action or statement |
| hasty generalization fallacy | jumping to a conclustion without adequate evidence |
| personification | giving human qualities to inhuman things |
| circular reasoning | coming back to an earlier statement without adding any more new information |
| logical fallacy | an argument that seems logical but is based on a faulty piece of information |
| autobiography | one's life story written by oneself |
| aphorism | short statement of truth |
| persuasion | convincing another to take an action or make a decison |
| restatement | saying an idea over again but in a slightly different manner |
| repetition | saying the same word, phrase or clause again for emphasis |
| charged words | words used to generate an emotional response in the reader/listener |
| rhetorical question | asking a question without expecting an answer because the answer is already known |
| diction | word choice indicating tone, attitude, etc. |
| credibility/ethos | answers the question of why the speaker should be believed |
