| A | B |
|---|
| Evolution | change over time within a population |
| mutation | changes in DNA that cause hereditary variations |
| gradualism | slow and continuous rate of evolution |
| punctuated equilibrium | rapid change within the fossil record |
| point mutation | a change in a single nucleotide within a codon |
| overproduction | organisms have more offspring than can survive |
| Charles Darwin | developed theory of evolution |
| natural selection | favorable variations that allow an organism to survive |
| genetic drift | random change (by chance) in allele frequency in a population |
| sexual selection | mate is chosen based on a certain trait, or set of traits |
| artificial selection | breeding organisms based on desired traits |
| vestigial structures | hip bones in whales |
| homologous structures | wings, fins, arms |
| live to reproduce | key idea in natural selection |
| adaptations | traits that allow an organism to survive and reproduce |
| population | number of species in a given area |
| gene flow | movement of genes into, or out, of a population |
| extinction | species disappear forever |
