| A | B |
|---|
| staccato | detached; seperated |
| marcato | marked and stressed |
| legato | very connected, no interruption b/w notes |
| tenuto | sustain the full value; indicated by a horizontal dash over the note or chord |
| accent | emphasis on a pitch or a chord |
| accidentals | signs used to indicate chrmatic alterations or to cancel them |
| allegro | fast |
| arpeggio | notes of a chord played one after another instead of simultaneusly |
| chromatic | scale that includes all 12 notes in an octave |
| etude | compostition designed to aid the student of an instrument in developing their technical abilities |
| scale degrees | tones of the major or minor scale, each of which is numbered in order ascending from the tonic and given an name |
| ostinato | meladic and/or ry rhythmic meter that is persistantly repeated throughout a composition/ section |
| hemiola | figure that occurs in one time signature but feels like it could be another |
| pui mosso | more motion |
| meno mosso | less motion |
| con molto | with motion |
| relative minor | found by counting down 3 half steps from a major key; have the same key signature |
| rallentando | gradual slowing of tempo; same as ritardando |
| syncopation | momentary contradiction of the prevailing time signature, or placing emphasis on the weak beats/ weak parts or beats. |
| expressivo | expressive or with expression |
| molto | very |
| con brio | with vigor and spirit |
| rubato | (robbing) an elastic flexible tempo allowing slight ritardandos and acclerandos according to the requirements of musical expression |
| accelerando | gradually increasing the tempo |
| andante | moderate to walking speed |
| adagio | slo (tempo in b/w largo and andante) |
| crescendo | gradually increase in volume |
| decrescendo | gradual decrease in volume |
| dynamics | volume in music |
| fermata | pause on a note or on a rest |
| flat | lowers pitch by a half step |
| sharp | raises pitch by a half step |
| natural | cancels out a sharp or a flat |
| octave | distance b/w bottom and top notes of a scale |
| simile | continue in the same way as before |
| solo | one person playing alon or with an accomp. |
| soli | one or moresections of the band playing soloistic type passages |
| unison | everyone playing the same notes and rhythms |
| divisi | divided parts within a section |
| D.C. al fine | back to beginning, play to fine |
| fine | the end |
| D.S. al Coda | go back to the sign, play until coda sign then play coda |
| demenuendo | quieter |
| subito | suddenly |
| harmonic | same pitch with different notaions |
| maistoso | magestically |
| glissando | rapid scales by sliding movement |
| forte | loud |
| forissimo | very loud |
| mezzo forte | medium loud |
| mezzo piano | medium soft |
| piano | soft |
| pianissimo | very soft |
| chord | 3 or more notes sounding symaltaneously |
| roots | fundamental or generating note of the chord |
| root position | chord in which the pottom note is the fundamental |
| inversion | chord in which the bottom note is not the fundamental |
| slur | curved line over 2 or more notes indicating that the first note is to be articulated |
| tie | curved line connecting two notes of the same pitch and uniting them into the same not with combined duration |
