| A | B |
| Copernicus | developed the heliocentric theory |
| Galileo | he used the telescope to support heliocentric theory |
| Kepler | planetary motion |
| Newton | gravity |
| Harvey | circulation of blood |
| Hobbes book | Leviathan |
| Hobbes idea | state must have central authority to manage behavior |
| Locke's book | Two Treatises on Government |
| Locke's idea | People are sovereign; monarchs are not chosen by God |
| Montesquieu's book | The Spirit of Laws |
| Montesquieu's idea | separation of powers |
| Rousseau's book | The Social Contract |
| Rousseau's idea | Government is a contract between rulers and the people |
| Voltaire | separation of church and state |