| A | B |
|---|
| 18000 BC | oldest record of musical instruments |
| 1400 BC | Oldest written music from Hebrew Scriptures |
| mode | term for ancient Greek scales |
| Pythagoras | invented overtone series |
| Gregorian Chant | Latin; men only;enhanced early Christian worship |
| antiphonal | two choirs back and forth |
| responsorial | canter and congregation |
| direct | straight singing |
| Middle Ages | Catholic Mass and organ invented |
| Guido D'arezzo | invented modern clefs and solfege |
| Renaissance | mostly sung w/ instrumental background; limited percussion |
| Petrucci | modern notation |
| Baroque | 1600-1750 (programatic) |
| figured bass | numbers below melody indicating chords to be played |
| Bach | Four Seasons |
| Handel | Messiah |
| Classical | 1750-1825 Age of Reason |
| symphony | 3 movements: fast/slow/fast |
| Haydn | 104 symphonies |
| Mozart | 41 symphonies |
| Romantic | 1825-1900 very dramatic |
| Boehm | invented standard woodwind fingering system |
| piano | 1st used by Beethoven |
| Beethoven | 9 symphonies- bridged Classical and Romantic |
| Schubert | Unfinished Symphony |
| Rossini | known for his many operas |
| Chopin | composed for piano only |
