| A | B |
|---|
| speed | the distance traveled divided by the time interval during which the motion occurred |
| velocity | a quantity describing both speed and direction |
| acceleration | the change in velocity divided by the time interval in which the change occurred |
| kinetic energy | the energy of a moving object due to its motion |
| potential energy | the energy stored from the relative positions of objects in a system |
| energy | the ability to change or move matter |
| force | the cause of an acceleration or change in an object's velocity |
| friection | the foce between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object |
| inertia | the tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity |
| terminal velocity | the maximum velocity reached by a falling object, occurring when resistance of the medium is equal to the foce due to gravity |
| Newton's First Law | an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion maintains its velocity unless it experiences an unbalanced force |
| Newton's Second Law | the unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object's mass times its acceleration |
| Newton's Third Law | for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force |
| fluid | changing or tending to change |
| buoyancy | the force with which a more dense fluid pushes a less dense substance upward |
| airfoil | a device that provides reactive force when in motion relative to the surrounding air |
| pressure | the force exerted per unit area of a surface |
| archimedes principle | principle that states that a body immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid |
| thrust | a driving force or pressure |
| lift | a raised or high position |
| drag | to move by force with great effort |
| atmospheric pressure | pressure caused by the wieght of the atmosphere |
| Bernoulli's principle | as the speed of a moving fluid (liquid or gas) increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases |
| charge | the electricity that goes through the circuit |
| insulator | a material that is a poor energy conductor |
| electric current | the rate that electric charges move through a conductor |
| voltage | electric potential or potential dfference |
| circuit | a closed path followed or capable or being followed by an electric current |
| induction | the charging of an isolated conducting object by momentarily grounding it while a charged body is nearby |
| conduction | the transfer of energy and heat between particles as they collide within a substance or between two objects in contact |
| resistance | the ratio of the voltage across a conduc |
| voltage | resistance x current |
| resistance | voltage/current |
| current | voltage/resistance |
| series circuit | charge follows one path |
| parallel | charge follows 2 or more paths |
| magnetic pole | an area of a magnet where the magnetic force apperas to be the strongest |
| compass | magnet and a needle |
| permanent magnet | a piece of magnetic material that retains its magnetism after it is removed from a magnetic field |
| electromagnet | a strong magnet created when an iron core is instered into the center of a current-carrying solenoid |
| magnetic field | a region where a magnetic froce can be detected |
| electromagnetic induction | the production of a current in a circuit by a change in the strength, position, or orientation of an external magnetic field |
| magnetic domain | little dealys in the magnet |
| wave | a disturbance that transmits energy through matter or space |
| longitudinal wave | a wave that causes the particles in a medium move from their normal position when a wave passes by |
| refraction | the bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another |
| crest | the highest point of a transverse wave |
| compression | the scrunched part of the wave |
| frequency | the number of vibrations in contact that opposes the motion of either object |
| rarefaction | the loose part of the wave |
| reflection | the bouncing back of a wave as it meets a surface or boundary |
| interference | the combination of two or more waves that exist in the smae place at the same time |
| trough | the lowest point of a transverse wave |
| transverse wave | a wave that causes the particles of the medium to vibrate perpendicularly to the direction the wave travels |
| speed | wavelength x frequency |
| frequency | speed/wavelength |
| wavelength | speed/frequency |
| timbre | the distinctive property of a complex sound |
| hertz | unit of frequency |
| resonance | an effect in which the vibration of one object cuases the vibreation of another object at a natural frequency |
| decibel | unit for intensity |
| ultrasound | any sound consisting of waves with frequencies higher than 20,000 hz |
| doppler effect | an observed change int he frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving |
| sonar | a system that uses reflected sound waves to determine the distance to, and location of, objects |
| pitch | the percieved highness or lowness of a sound, depending on the frequency of sound waves |
| echolocation | determining the location of something by measuring the time it takes for an echo to return from it |
| relationships | amplitude is how the sound is amplified, pitch is how low or high the sound is and loudness is the volume of the sound |
| photon | a particle of light |
| infrared | wavelenghts longer than light but shorter than radio waves |
| transparent | light so that objects or images can be seen as if there were no intervening material |
| polarized | to cause to concentrate about two conflicting or contrasting positions |
| x-rays | a relatively high energy photon with wavelength in the approximate range from 0.01 to 10 nanometers |
| translucent | sorta clear |
| ultraviolet | lying ouside the visible spectrum at its violet end |
| gamma ray | teh high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by a nucleus during radioactive decay |
| opaque | unable to see through |
| photoelectric effrect | ejection of electrons from a substance by incident electromagnetic radiation, specially by visible light |
| electromagnetic spectrum | the entire range of radiation |
| virtual image | an image that forms at a point from which light rays appear to come but do not actually come |
| lens | a transparent object that refracts light rays, causing them to converge or diverge to create an image |
| optical fiber | a hair thin, transparent strand of glass or plastic that transmits signals using pulses of light |
| concave | curbed like the inner surface of a sphere |
| convex | having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere |
| laser | a device whose output is in an invisible region of the electromagnetic spectrum |
| hologram | the pattern produced on a photosensitive medium that has been exposed by holography and then photographically developed |
