| A | B |
|---|
| Genetics | Sciennce of heredity |
| Heredity | The passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| Dominant Trait | A form of a trait that dominates the other |
| Recessive | The trait being dominated |
| Principle of Dominance | One form of a heredity trait, the dominant trait, dominates or prevents the expression of the recessive trait |
| Punnett square | Chart used to determine the possible combos of genes among offspring |
| Principle of Segregation | Thought that genesin the egg and sperm seperated independently |
| Alleles | Alternative form of a gene for a certain trait |
| Genotype | The combination of Alleles for a given trait |
| Phenotype | Then appearance of a trait as determined by a given genotype - physical appearance |
| Homolozygous | When each cell of an organism contains two of the same alleles for a given trait |
| Heterozygous | Each cell of an organism contains two different alleles for a trait: Bb |
| Principle of independent assortment | Genes for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation |
| Incomplete Dominance | Neither allele is dominant to the other |
| Multiple Alleles | A set of three or more different alleles controlling a trait |
| Codominance | Occurs when one allele is not dominant; both alleles are expressed equally |
| Karl Landsteiner | In 1901 discovered isoantibodies against isoantigens. Recieved the nobel prize for his discovery of human blood groups |
| Rhogam | Given to any pregnant Rh- woman. A deep intramuscular shot is given. |
| Walter Sutton | Proposed chromosome theory of heredity-> hereditary factors (genes) are carried on chromosomes |
| Thomas Hunt Morgan | Helped pioneer the use of fruit flies to study genetics |
| Autosomes | Chromosomes other than sex chromosomes |
| Sex- Chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine an organisms sex, *X&Y* chromosomes in humans-> XX=females, XY=males |
| Sex linked trait | A trait that is linked to a sex chromosome |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Fruit flies- have three pairs of autosomes and one pair sex chromosomes- normally have red eyes |
| Continuous variation | The presence of many phenotypes from one extreme to another |
| Multiple genes | A pattern of inheritance in which many genes affect a single trait |
| Modifier genes | Genes interacting with each other to control particular traits, such as eye color |
