| A | B |
|---|
| Aristotle | Greek Philosopher who believed that species are fixes and does not evolve. |
| Fossils | the imprints or remnants of organisms that lived in the past. |
| Cuvier | developed the theory of catastrophism. . |
| Lenmark | believed that evolution occurred through the inheritance of acquired traits. |
| Charles Darwin | believed that evolution occurred through natural selection. |
| Beagle | the ship on which Darwin was the naturalist for its 5-year voyage beginning in 1831. |
| Lyell | geologist who believed the earth was shaped by gradual forces. |
| Theory of Uniformity | idea that the earth and therefore its inhabitants were shaped by slow, uniform change. |
| Alfred Wallace | conceived a theory identical to Darwin's. |
| Missing Link | fossils that may represent a transitional form between groups of organisms. |
| Natural selection | idea that organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive, reproduce and passes the gene for the favorable trait on to the next generation. |
| English Industrial Revolution | environment cause of the darkening of the trees near Manchester, England in the mid-1800. |
| Gene Pool | the total collection of genes in a population at any one time. |
| Genetic Drift | the relative frequencies of alleles in a population change over a number of generations. |
| Microevolution | a change in the gene pool of a small population due to chance. |
| Bottleneck effect | type of genetic drift that results from an event that drastically reduces population size. |
| Founder effect | type of genetic drift that results from the colonization of a new location by a small number of individuals. |
| Migration | the gain or loss of alleles from a population by the migration of individuals. |
| Immigration | movement of individuals into a population |
| Emigration | movement of individuals out of a population |
| Demes | a local population of a species |
| Assortive mating | individuals mate with partners like themselves in certain phenotypic characters. |
| Inbreeding | individuals tend to mat with neighbors , increases recessive phenotypes |
| Mutation | the random change in an organism's DNA that creaes a NEW allele. |
| Natural selection | also know an differential success in reproduction; most likely facor to result in adpative change within a gene pool. |
| Resistant | describes organisms that are unaffected by herbicides, pesticides, or antibiotics. |
| Stabilizing selection | type of selection that favors the intermediate phenotypes |
| Directional selection | type of selection that acts against one of the extreme phenotypes while favoring the other. |
| Disruptive selection | type of selection that favors both extremes while acting against the intermediate phenotype. |
| P | variable that represents the frequency of the dominant allele. |
| 2pq | represents the frequency of heterozygous in a population. |
| p2 | represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant individuals in a population. |
| He thought that the giraffe used to have a small neck, but after time, the giraffe inherited a tall neck because of the need to reach fruit in trees. | Example of Lamarck's theory of inheritance |
| 1.Over-production 2.Variation 3.Competition 4.Survival of the fittest. | concepts that are a part of the process of natural selection. |
| *Large pop *no gene mutations *isolated pop. *Gene has no effect on its survival or reproduction *random mating | list the causes of genetic equilibrium. |
| *Small pop *gene mutations *non-isolated pop *gene does have effect on survival or reproduction *mating unrandom | List the causes of Microevolution. |
| Darwin | Wrote the Origin of Species |
| Lyell | believed in gradual geological change, not catastrophes. |
| Lamarck | Proposed that acquired characteristics are inherited. |
| Smaller, deviations | the _____ the sample, the greater the change of ______ from an idealized result. |
| Sampling Error | disproportion of results in a small sample |
| Chance events | ause the frequencies of alleles in a small pop to drift randomly from generation to generation. |
| Changes, gene pool, chance | Microevolution caused by _____ in the ___ ____ due to ______. |
| Bottleneck effect and founder effect | 2 situations that most often lead to population small enough for genetic drift to occur are… |
| Bottleneck effect | population mostly killed off, small pop. repopulates species-decreases genetic variation. |
| Founder effect | genetic drift in a new colony, few individuals colonize a new habitat. |
| Mutation | original source of genetic variation that serves as the raw material for evolution. |
